Increasing the Potential Interacting Area of Nanomedicine Enhances Its Homotypic Cancer Targeting Efficacy

Abstract

The cancer cell membrane contains an arsenal of highly specific homotypic moieties that can be used to recognize its own kind. These cell membranes are often used to coat spherical nanoparticles to enhance nanomedicines’ targeting specificities and uptakes. A sphere, however, has only a point contact with a surface at any given time. It is shown here that, by retaining a flatter morphology of the cracked cell membrane through stiffening with in situ synthesized gold nanomaterials, an increased area of interaction could be maintained and hence improve upon the in vitro and in vivo homotypic targeting capabilities between cancer cell types. This enhancement is especially important in vivo as any nanomedicine with targeting moieties probably has a single pass at interacting with the target cell before subsequent system clearance. Possible future clinical applications may involve the usage of a patient’s autologous tumor biopsy tissues, which are very limited in supply, and therefore ensuring that we capitalize on the entire collective surface area of the cancer cell membrane available becomes an important consideration in the design and delivery our cell membrane-derived nanomedicines.

Overcoming bacterial physical defenses with molecule-like ultrasmall antimicrobial gold nanoclusters

“…Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials can greatly influence their biological behaviors and biomedical applications [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. Chief among them is the size of nanomaterials, which will determine the intracellular uptake, transport and accumulation, their resultant efficacies as anti-cancer and anti-bacterial agents, and ultimately their in vivo bio-distribution and clearance [ [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

Cell‐Membrane‐Display Nanotechnology

“…The NSs bind to B16F10 cell membrane through hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. [130] The even distribution of NS onto the stretched membrane is confirmed by TEM analysis, and the membrane proteins are verified by immunoblotting. The benefit of flattening cell membranes is that cell-membrane-coated spherical NPs can interact only with live cells in point contact, whereas the 2D structure of cell membranes shows enhanced interaction with cells, thereby improving the homotypic target ability of the novel membrane to cancer cells.…”

“…Highly displayed substance and their application scenarios Immunomodulation Mannose in RBC membrane or in cancer cell membrane, enhancing DC targeting for metastatic melanoma immunity [ 116,117] Fusion of tumor cell and DC membrane, tumor vaccination [ 119] Micro and nanomotors Fusion of RBC and platelet membrane, bacterial infection treatment [ 123] Modification of cell membranes by chemical engineering Drug delivery enhancement Human recombinant hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) on RBC membrane, degrading HA matrices around tumor [ 126] Tissue fibrinogen activator (tPA) on platelet membrane, treatment of multiple myeloma and thrombosis [ 129] Gold nanostar on cancer cell membrane, enhancing interaction with target cell (B16F10) [ 130] Immunomodulation T cell stimulatory signals anti-CD28 and pMHC-I on leukocyte membrane, potentiate T cell based anticancer therapy [ 131] aPDL1 on platelet membrane, postsurgical cancer immunotherapy [ 137] Modification of cell membranes by biological engineering…”

Retooling Cancer Nanotherapeutics’ Entry into Tumors to Alleviate Tumoral Hypoxia

“…To solve this problem, Zhu et al quickly synthesized Au nanostars in situ on the cell membrane (Figure 8a). [333] These embedded nanostars increase the rigidity of the ruptured cell membrane and thus help maintain a quasi-2D flattened morphology, which increases the sites of interaction with the cells and improve the ability of in vitro and in vivo homomorphic targeting between cancer cell types. This enhancement is particularly important in vivo because any nanomaterials with targeted molecules are to enter the cells as much as possible before the carried anti-tumor drugs should be released.…”

“…a) Schematic illustration of improving the uptake efficiency of AHCNs by enlarging attachment areas to cancer cells, Reproduced with permission. [ 333 ] Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. b) Schematic illustration of improving the uptake efficiency of AHCNs by pH‐responsive shape reversal in acidic condition.…”