Increasing the temperature range of dipolar glass polymers through copolymerization: A first approach to dipolar glass copolymers

Bonardd, Sebastián; Alegría, Ángel; Saldías, César; Leiva, Ángel; Kortaberría, Galder

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122765

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, this rise of ε' r occurs in the same temperature range at which a strong transition (or relaxation) in ε" r curves is detected. This transition, labeled as γ, has been successfully attributed in previous reports to sulfonyl groups' rotational motions and is responsible for the outstanding dielectric properties shown by these materials [1,7,20]. The second goes from −50 • C and temperatures slightly above room temperature, where a smooth but constant rise of ε' r can be visualized, attributed to the participation of some remnant sulfonyl groups activated at higher temperatures, together with the activation of motions ascribed to ester functionalities which, based on previous reports [47,48], begin to contribute to the polarization of the material in this range of temperatures.…”

Section: Dielectric Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The protocols followed for the synthesis of methacrylic monomers containing sulfones (SO 2 MA) or nitriles (CNMA) can be found in previous works reported by our group [7,20].…”

Section: Monomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the shape of thermograms shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that all polymethacrylates, independently of their molecular weight and dispersity, exhibit a roughly two-step degradation process. The above has been analyzed and discussed by previous authors [1,29], including our group [7,20], assigning the first decomposition process mainly to the cleavage of pendant groups, while the second step would be ascribed to the volatilization of species arising from the random fragmentation and depolymerization of the polymer backbone remaining from the first step. For this first degradation step, the area analysis performed on DTGA curves reveals a mass loss percentage of around 61%, 63%, and 61% for PSO 2 MA, PSO 2 MA−RAFT1, and PSO 2 MA−RAFT2, respectively, whereas for PCNMA and PCNMA−RAFT values of 49% and 46% were calculated.…”

Section: Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first requirement is based on the fact that amorphous materials exhibit higher free volume in their inner structure [19], facilitating the motions of dipolar structures [6]. On the other hand, a high T g value avoids that highly dissipative phenomena, such as ionic conductivity, take place at the working temperatures of the material [7,13,20]. Regarding the second requirement, the use of sulfonyl and nitrile groups as dipole structures has proven to be a good strategy since, in addition to their high dipole moments (4.25 D and 3.9 D, respectively) [1], their movements begin to be active at temperatures well below room temperature [3][4][5]9,11,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the growing interest in new all-polymer dielectric materials has been supported by the abrupt increase in the number of reports about dipolar glass polymers [3][4][5][6][7][8]10,15,18,20,21]. However, within this wide range of materials, those belonging to polymethacrylates family are considered as iconic examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Weight Enables Fine-Tuning the Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polymethacrylates Bearing Sulfonyl and Nitrile Groups as Dipolar Entities

et al. 2021

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In this work, polymethacrylates containing sulfonyl and nitrile functional groups were successfully prepared by conventional radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT). The thermal and dielectric properties were evaluated, for the first time, considering differences in their molecular weights and dispersity values. Variations of the aforementioned properties do not seem to substantially affect the polarized state of these materials, defined in terms of the parameters ε’r, ε”r and tan (δ). However, the earlier appearance of dissipative phenomena on the temperature scale for materials with lower molecular weights or broader molecular weight distributions, narrows the range of working temperatures in which they exhibit high dielectric constants along with low loss factors. Notwithstanding the above, as all polymers showed, at room temperature, ε’r values above 9 and loss factors below 0.02, presenting higher dielectric performance when compared to conventional polymer materials, they could be considered as good candidates for energy storage applications.

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Section: Dielectric Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The protocols followed for the synthesis of methacrylic monomers containing sulfones (SO 2 MA) or nitriles (CNMA) can be found in previous works reported by our group [7,20].…”

Section: Monomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Molecular Weight Enables Fine-Tuning the Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polymethacrylates Bearing Sulfonyl and Nitrile Groups as Dipolar Entities

et al. 2021

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High‐κ and High‐Temperature Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated and Cyanolated Poly(Arylene Ether)s for Capacitive Energy Storage

Huang

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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High energy density, high temperature, and low loss dielectric polymers have drawn increasing attention in research owing to their potential applications in power electronic and pulsed power devices. In this study, a new class of organo‐soluble dipolar glass polymers (DGPs) are synthesized via polycondensation and post‐functionalization of poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) based on phenolphthalin. Due to the nonplanar backbone structure, the strongly dipolar side groups (‐SO2CH3 and ‐CH2CH2CN) can easily rotate in these PAEs. As a result, desirable physical properties are obtained: high dielectric constant (4.4–5.6), high glass transition temperature (155–180 °C), good mechanical property, and low dielectric loss (dissipation factor < 0.005). Among them, cyanolized poly(aryl ether nitrile) exhibit the highest discharged energy density of 8.6 J cm−3 at 650 MV m−1 and room temperature with a high discharged efficiency of 94.3%. At 100 °C, cyanolized poly(ether ether ketone) shows the highest discharged energy density of 7.3 J cm−3 at 600 MV m−1 with a discharged efficiency of 91%. Furthermore, these functionalized PAEs exhibit good mechanical toughness with a tensile strength at a break of 60‐120 MPa and elongation at a break of ≈5%. Based on their thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties, these phenolphthalin‐based PAEs are promising for potential applications such as film capacitors.

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Constructing Novel High Dielectric Constant Polyimides Containing Dipolar Pendant Groups with Enhanced Orientational Polarization

Tang,

Xu,

Yao

et al. 2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Polymer dielectrics with high dielectric constant are urgently demanded for potential electrical and pulsed power applications. The design of polymers with side chains containing dipolar groups is considered an effective method for preparing materials with a high dielectric constant and low loss. In this study, we synthesize and comprehensively compare the dielectric properties of novel polyimides with side chains containing urea (BU‐PI), carbamate (BC‐PI), and sulfonyl (BS‐PI) functional groups. The novel polyimides exhibit relatively high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss values due to the enhanced orientational polarization and suppressed dipole‐dipole interactions of dipolar groups. In particular, BU‐PI containing urea pendant groups presents the highest dielectric constant of 6.14 and reasonably low dielectric loss value of 0.0097. The strong γ transitions with low activation energies derived from dielectric spectroscopy measurements have been further evaluated to demonstrate the enhanced free rotational motion of urea pendant dipoles. In energy storage applications, BU‐PI achieves a discharged energy density of 6.92 J cm−3 and a charge‐discharge efficiency above 83% at 500 MV m−1. This study demonstrates that urea group, as dipolar pendant group, can provide polymers with better dielectric properties than the most commonly used sulfonyl groups.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Increasing the temperature range of dipolar glass polymers through copolymerization: A first approach to dipolar glass copolymers

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Molecular Weight Enables Fine-Tuning the Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polymethacrylates Bearing Sulfonyl and Nitrile Groups as Dipolar Entities

Molecular Weight Enables Fine-Tuning the Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polymethacrylates Bearing Sulfonyl and Nitrile Groups as Dipolar Entities

High‐κ and High‐Temperature Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated and Cyanolated Poly(Arylene Ether)s for Capacitive Energy Storage

Constructing Novel High Dielectric Constant Polyimides Containing Dipolar Pendant Groups with Enhanced Orientational Polarization

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