A wireless sensor network (WSN) is developing over miscellaneous areas to give new opportunities for the services as well as occasions for the networks. The advancement of micro electro-mechanical systems has made sensor networks a very fascinating area for research. The primary issue in sensor networks is energy optimization. Energyoptimization means how wisely we use energy. Energy efficiency programs are plotted tolower the use energy of members participating. Numerous approaches and algorithms havebeen proposed toeradicate the issue of energy optimisationThis paper explores the competing issues of energy consumptionefficiency in wireless sensor network..In this paper, we review the key coverageoptimization protocols and present open research issues related to energy efficient coverage.Keywords-WSN, PEGASIS, Clustering, BS, CH, LEACH.
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks composed of numerous tiny electronic devices called nodes which gather the data from their environment nearby and then send the collected data to base station where further analysis and forecasting can be done. The analysed data is used to take managerial resolutions or business decisions. In multiple issues and numerous scenarios the sensor networks have become tool for data analysis. This has given the capability of remotely monitoring of a physical surrounding for a wide and distinct scenarios and different problem context. These tiny nodes are selfregulating which provide ability of distributed computing in the network. With distributing computing the network can be made flexible or ductile to adopt several methods for deployment, security enforcement, and routing and data dissemination.Energy efficiency is an important aspect in WSN as nodes have a finite battery power. The various types of limitations make WSN and different protocols challenging and divergent. WSN has emerged as a completely different technology as compared to standard traditional internet architecture. WSN nodes are very tiny and occupy lower space and weight as compared to traditional networked devices. WSN easily scales to the order of thousands of nodes and requires minimal help from outside to build the network. The latest advancements in wireless have made the smaller and less expensive products which enhance communication speed significantly.All nodes in WSNs have a battery with fixed power which makes energy conservation as basic need while creating architecture of WSN [30]. The objectives in the creation of WSNs have the capability of huge rate of data exchange among nodes in the network and base station and ability of minimizing the energy consumption. We need efficient routing protocols in WSNs to achieve these objectives. Therefore, several routing algorithms have been proposed [23].Cluster Based routing protocols composed of two layer architecture. One layer is responsible for section of cluster head and the other handles routing. A cluster head (CH) is one which is performs collection of data from rest nodes, gathering or pr...