Independence of orientation and size in spatial discriminations

Burbeck, Christina A.; Regan, D.

doi:10.1364/josa.73.001691

Cited by 86 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is a not a general property of either orientation or disparity in combination with other dimensions but instead is specific to the combination of orientation and disparity. For example, humans discriminate spatial-frequency differences equally well whether the stimuli are parallel or orthogonally oriented (Burbeck and Regan, 1983;Bradley and Scottun, 1984;Olzak and Thomas, 1991), and hu- ade up the plaid. When the 45°grating had positive disparity and the 135°grating had zero disparity, the plaid as a whole had a disparity direction of Ϫ45°.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation-Specific Computation in Stereoscopic Vision

Farell¹

2006

J. Neurosci.

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The left and right eyes receive subtly different images from a visual scene. Binocular disparities of retinal image locations are correlated with variation in the depth of objects in the scene and make stereoscopic depth perception possible. Disparity stereoscopically specifies a stimulus; changing the stimulus in a way that conserves its disparity leaves the stimulus stereoscopically unchanged. Therefore, a person's ability to use stereo to see the depth separating any two objects should depend only on the disparities of the objects, which in turn depend on where the objects are, not what they are. However, I find that the disparity difference between two stimuli by itself predicts neither stereoacuity nor perceived depth. Human stereo vision is shown here to be most sensitive at detecting the relative depth of two gratings when they are parallel. Rotating one grating by as little as 10°lowers sensitivity. The rotation can make a perceptible depth separation invisible, although it changes neither the relative nor absolute disparities of the gratings, only their relative orientations. The effect of relative orientation is not confined to stimuli that, like gratings, vary along one dimension or to stimuli perceived to have a dominant orientation. Rather, it is the relative orientation of the one-dimensional components of stimuli, even broadband stimuli, that matters. This limit on stereoscopic depth perception appears to be intrinsic to the visual system's computation of disparity; by taking place within orientation bands, the computation renders the coding of disparity inseparable from the coding of orientation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation-Specific Computation in Stereoscopic Vision

Farell¹

2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…For example, if there are no interactions in the system, then it might be expected that the same kinds of confusion errors would be made on the spatial frequency component irrespective of whichever orientation component was combined with it. Although the evidence from experiments using the filtering paradigm has shown that, in spatial frequency discrimination, the orientation dimension could be filtered out (e.g., Burbeck & Regan, 1983), the paradigm here is different in that both components are attended to. The issue here is whether, in making two decisions simultaneously, the decision made on one affects the other (and vice versa).…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The extent to which variation in the second variable affects performance is interpreted as evidence that the two variables are not processed separately. Burbeck and Regan (1983) used stimuli that were formed by crossing two orientations (vertical and horizontal) with two spatial frequencies (2 and 5 cycles per degree). The results were that frequency and orientation discriminations were largely independent of each other.…”

Section: Fook Kee Chua University Of California Los Angeles Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The processing of spatial frequency and orientation information

Chua

1990

Perception & Psychophysics

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Three identification experiments were completed to disambiguate the associations between spatial frequency and orientation information at the sensory, decisional, and response levels. The stimuli were gratings generated by crossing four levels each of spatial frequency and orientation. In Experiment 1, the subjects made a single identification response to the stimuli. In Experiment 2, two identification responses were made, one for the spatial frequency component and the other for the orientation component. In Experiment 3, the subjects identified either the spatial frequency or the orientation component in any block of trials. The data were confusion matrices, and an information-transmission approach was used to investigate the interactions in the system. The results show that although there were sensory associations, there were no interactions at the decisional level. Performance parity was found: there was no significant difference between the single-and double-judgment paradigms in terms of information transmitted. Overall, the results suggest that although spatial frequency and orientation information is coded jointly at the sensory level, subsequent processing is independent, with each dimension drawing upon different attentional resources.

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“…Given independence and some assumption about noise, a wide range of visual detection and discrimination thresholds can be derived from the tuning properties of the filters. This includes thresholds for detecting or discriminating pattern contrast, [3][4][5][6]11 thresholds for detecting a pattern in the presence of a superimposed mask, 6,11,12,21 thresholds for discriminating pattern orientation or spatial frequency, [22][23][24] and thresholds in a variety of hyperacuity tasks, among them Vernier acuity, chevron acuity, and line bisection acuity. [25][26][27] In each case the justdiscriminable difference between two stimuli can be derived from the just-detectable variation in filter responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting spatial vision: toward a unifying model

2000

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We report contrast detection, contrast increment, contrast masking, orientation discrimination, and spatial frequency discrimination thresholds for spatially localized stimuli at 4°of eccentricity. Our stimulus geometry emphasizes interactions among overlapping visual filters and differs from that used in previous threshold measurements, which also admits interactions among distant filters. We quantitatively account for all measurements by simulating a small population of overlapping visual filters interacting through divisive inhibition. We depart from previous models of this kind in the parameters of divisive inhibition and in using a statistically efficient decision stage based on Fisher information. The success of this unified account suggests that, contrary to Bowne [Vision Res. 30, 449 (1990)], spatial vision thresholds reflect a single level of processing, perhaps as early as primary visual cortex.

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Independence of orientation and size in spatial discriminations

Cited by 86 publications

References 15 publications

Orientation-Specific Computation in Stereoscopic Vision

Orientation-Specific Computation in Stereoscopic Vision

The processing of spatial frequency and orientation information

Revisiting spatial vision: toward a unifying model

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