Independent Diagnoses of Adoptees and Relatives As Defined by DSM-III in the Provincial and National Samples of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia

Kendler, Kenneth S.; Gruenberg, Alan M.; Kinney, Dennis K.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950060020002

Cited by 199 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The presence of thalamic shape abnormalities in the siblings of schizophrenia probands suggests that genetic influences contribute to their development because twin and adoption studies have indicated that shared environmental factors have a negligible contribution to the overall etiology of schizophrenia (Kendler et al, 1994;Cannon et al, 1998;Cardno et al, 1999). However, shared environmental factors could nonetheless have a nonnegligible contribution to abnormalities observed within particular cerebral structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Harms

Wang²,

Mamah³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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Deficits in the volume of the thalamus have been observed in both individuals with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic relatives. However, no studies to date have examined the underlying pattern of thalamic shape change in relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. This study examined the volume and shape of the thalamus in schizophrenia subjects, their siblings, and healthy control individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance scans were collected in a group of young subjects with schizophrenia (mean age, 23 years) and their nonpsychotic siblings (n ϭ 25 pairs), and control subjects and their siblings (n ϭ 40 pairs). Thalamic surfaces were generated using high-dimensional brain mapping. A canonical weighting function was derived from the contrast between schizophrenia and control subjects and then used to generate a canonical shape score for all subjects. Maps of the estimated surface displacement between groups were also created to visualize the thalamic shape differences between groups. The thalamic canonical scores of the siblings of the schizophrenia probands were intermediate between the probands and healthy control subjects. These siblings also displayed an intermediate degree of the inward surface deformation of the anterior and posterior thalamus that was present between schizophrenia probands and controls. There was no main effect of group status on thalamic volume and no significant correlations of the structural measures with measures of psychopathology or cognitive function. Our results indicate that thalamic shape abnormalities are present in relatively young individuals with schizophrenia and their siblings. Inward deformation of the anterior and posterior regions of the thalamus represents a potential neuroanatomical endophenotype of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Harms

Wang²,

Mamah³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…The study of schizotypy is of increasing interest to schizophrenia researchers given evidence that schizotypy and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) relate phenotypically (Catts et al, 2000;Kendler et al, 1994;Siever et al, 1993) and genetically (Clementz et al, 1991;Kendler et al, 1995, Silverman et al, 1993 to schizophrenia. Ongoing research on schizotypy in non-clinical samples will deepen the field's understanding of this complex personality construct as a vulnerability marker, as an aspect of some cases of the schizophrenia prodrome, and as an indicator that can enhance genetic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of a four-factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire among undergraduate students

Compton

Goulding

Bakeman

et al. 2009

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective Although several exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have supported the initially proposed factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in which its nine subscales are grouped into cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized domains, others have revealed different latent structures. This study determined the best-fitting factor structure from among five models that have been proposed in the literature, as well as five additional hierarchically related models.Method Undergraduate college students (n=825) completed the SPQ as well as the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS). Confirmatory factor analyses involving the nine SPQ subscales were conducted using the Linear Structural RelationsProgram (LISREL 8.72).Results The best fitting model was a previously described 4-factor model including cognitiveperceptual, paranoid, negative, and disorganized domains. Correlations between the derived SPQ domains and the PAS score ranged r=.26-.39, and correlations between the SPQ domains and the SAS ranged r=.07-.41. ConclusionsThe present findings support a 4-factor model over the standard 3-factor model that is typically used to derive SPQ subscale scores. The four derived domains are minimally to moderately correlated with other measures of psychosis-proneness.

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“…An example is the Danish Adoption Study of schizophrenia [8,9,10], which ascertained probands who had been adopted early in life and subsequently developed schizophrenia. 7.9% of first degree biological relatives of proband adoptees had DSM-III schizophrenia compared with 0.9% of first degree relatives of control adoptees [10].…”

Section: Adoption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7.9% of first degree biological relatives of proband adoptees had DSM-III schizophrenia compared with 0.9% of first degree relatives of control adoptees [10]. The Finnish Adoptive Study of Schizophrenia [11][12][13] took a different approach.…”

Section: Adoption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders

Pepper¹,

Cardno²

2014

CPSR

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Abstract:Research into the genetic basis of schizophrenia is advancing rapidly. This review gives a broad overview of results from successive phases of studies in this field, linking these with recent findings and likely future research directions. Among recent findings, large-scale epidemiological studies based on Scandinavian population registers, have provided further evidence of substantial heritability and evidence that a wide range of psychotic and non-psychotic disorders partly share genetic risk factors with schizophrenia. In molecular genetics, large collaborative genomewide association studies (GWAS) are providing evidence of common risk variants, each of small effect, and many more variants are likely to be found as samples sizes increase further. A range of rarer chromosomal copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with schizophrenia, and both GWAS and CNV studies have provided molecular evidence of genetic overlap between schizophrenia and other disorders. There is increasing interest in phenotypes beyond diagnosis, including further clinical variables and endophenotypes. Next-generation sequencing studies are beginning, with the potential for fast, inexpensive sequencing of the whole genome in large samples, and there is an increasing focus on the functional effects of the candidate risk variants that are being identified.

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Independent Diagnoses of Adoptees and Relatives As Defined by DSM-III in the Provincial and National Samples of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia

Cited by 199 publications

References 41 publications

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings

Confirmation of a four-factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire among undergraduate students

Genetics of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders

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