Independent effects of morphine and apomorphine on stereotyped gnawing in the hamster

Schnur, Paul; Martinez, Rae Ann

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90002-6

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Findings that supported Siegel’s (1975) observations and conclusions concerning the role of conditioning in the development of analgesia to morphine were later reported using different species (e.g., Kavaliers & Hirst, 1983; Schnur & Martinez, 1989), as well as diverse controls and test conditions (Siegel, 1976; Siegel et al, 1978; Tiffany & Baker, 1981). For example, support was found using conditional discriminations with different contextual cues serving as CSs with two different tests (hot plate and analgesiometer [for test description, see Table 1]; Siegel, 1976), using an unpaired contextual cue/morphine injection control and subsequent hot plate test (Siegel et al, 1978), and using a flinch/jump assessment of analgesia (Tiffany & Baker, 1981; for test description, see Table 1).…”

Section: Audiovisual and Contextual Cues Morphine And Conditionesupporting

confidence: 57%

Classical conditioning and pain: Conditioned analgesia and hyperalgesia

2014

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This article reviews situations in which stimuli produce an increase or a decrease in nociceptive responses through basic associative processes and provides an associative account of such changes. Specifically, the literature suggests that cues associated with stress can produce conditioned analgesia or conditioned hyperalgesia, depending on the properties of the conditioned stimulus (e.g., contextual cues and audiovisual cues vs. gustatory and olfactory cues, respectively) and the proprieties of the unconditioned stimulus (e.g., appetitive, aversive, or analgesic, respectively). When such cues are associated with reducers of exogenous pain (e.g., opiates), they typically increase sensitivity to pain. Overall, the evidence concerning conditioned stress-induced analgesia, conditioned hyperalagesia, conditioned tolerance to morphine, and conditioned reduction of morphine analgesia suggests that selective associations between stimuli underlie changes in pain sensitivity.

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