Independent Skeletal Actions of Pituitary Hormones

Sultana, Farhath; Korkmaz, Funda; Lizneva, Daria; Yuen, Tony; Zaidi, Mone

doi:10.3803/enm.2022.1573

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Several observational studies conducted in an adult population concluded that individuals with low normal TSH levels, regardless of TH levels, are at risk of developing osteoporosis [ 22 ]. However, BMD loss was more likely attributed to the diverse immune–skeletal–endocrine interactions between TSH in the bone marrow cells and TSH receptors in the skeletal tissues based on the osteoclastogenic effect of tumor necrosis factor α and the expression of splice variants of TSH [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Causality between Thyroid Function and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Abnormal Thyrotropin May Be Another Pediatric Predictor of Bone Fragility

Ahn

2023

Metabolites

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Low bone mass can occur in children and adolescents with numerous chronic conditions; however, the influence of abnormal thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels on low bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents remains controversial. Investigating the effects of excessive or deficient thyroid hormone and TSH levels on the risk of childhood bone fragility may provide a better understanding of the role of thyroid function on bone density in the pediatric population. The triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and TSH levels and BMD of 619 children diagnosed with various underlying conditions and whose treatment was completed were simultaneously assessed. The T3, free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH levels were subcategorized based on the age-matched reference range, and the lumbar spine BMD (LSBMD) data were compared. The mean LSBMD z-score was 0.49 ± 1.28, while T3, FT4, and TSH levels were 1.25 ± 0.29 ng/mL, 1.28 ± 0.19 ng/dL, and 2.76 ± 1.87 µU/mL, respectively. Both lumbar and femoral BMD z-scores were lower in children with abnormal TSH levels. TSH abnormality was the strongest risk factor for decreased LSBMD z-scores, and thus could be an early indicator of low BMD in children and adolescents with various underlying conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Causality between Thyroid Function and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Abnormal Thyrotropin May Be Another Pediatric Predictor of Bone Fragility

Ahn

2023

Metabolites

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“…According to growing evidence, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is important in bone development, metabolism, healing, and aging 38 , 39 . Growth hormone promotes bone growth and, when deficient, increases osteoclast activity, which can cause bone damage 40 . Figure 7 shows that compared to group C, growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action were down-regulated in group B, whereas YWD could up-regulate the pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To investigate the mechanism of Yiwei Decoction in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency-related osteoporosis using transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques

Fan,

Meng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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To investigate the molecular mechanism of Yiwei Decoction (YWD) in preventing Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)-related osteoporosis from the hypothalamic perspective , and to screen for the key active and acting molecules in YWD. Cyclophosphamide was used to create the POI rat model. Groups A, B, and C were established. The Model + YWD group was group A, the model control group was group B, and the normal control group was group C. ELISA was used to determine serum GnRH and FSH levels after gavage. The transcription levels of mRNAs in each group's hypothalamus tissues were examined using RNA-seq sequencing technology. The GSEA method was used to enrich pathways based on the gene expression levels of each group. The TCM–active ingredient–target–disease network map was created using differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and network pharmacology. The molecular docking method was employed to investigate the affinity of the active ingredient with key targets. GnRH and FSH levels in POI rats' serum were reduced by YWD. Between groups A and B, there were 638 DEmRNAs (P < 0.05) and 55 high-significance DEmRNAs (P-adjust < 0.01). The MAPK, Hedgehog, Calcium, and B cell receptor pathways are primarily enriched in DEmRNAs from Group A and Group B. The GSEA pathway enrichment analysis indicates that YWD may regulate Long-term potentiation, Amphetamine addiction, and the Renin-angiotensin system and play a role in preventing osteoporosis. The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)—Active ingredient-Target-disease network map includes 137 targets, 4 CHMs, and 22 active ingredients. The result of docking indicated that Stigmasterol, interacts well with the core proteins ALB, VCL and KAT5. Following the screening, we identified the targets, active components, and key pathways associated with YWD osteoporosis prevention. Most of these key targets and pathways are associated with osteoporosis, but further experimental validation is required.

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“…It is believed that OT could reduce the proliferation and migration of three ovarian cancer cell lines, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and partially reverse the effects of cortisol ( Mankarious et al, 2016 ). With the in-depth study of the pituitary–bone axis, more sources of evidence prove that OT and OTR play an essential role in regulating bone metabolism ( Kim et al, 2022 ; Winterton et al, 2022 ). By reviewing the relationship progress between OT/OTR and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, the mechanism of OT/OTR in regulating bone metabolism is clarified, which can provide certain reference values to clinical application with their anti-osteoporosis effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

Feixiang,

Yanchen,

Xiang

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide known to affect social behavior and cognition. The epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) via DNA methylation stimulates parturition and breast milk secretion and inhibits craniopharyngioma, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer growth significantly as well as directly regulates bone metabolism in their peripheral form rather than the central form. OT and OTR can be expressed on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. OB can synthesize OT under the stimulation of estrogen as a paracrine–autocrine regulator for bone formation. OT/OTR, estrogen, and OB form a feed-forward loop through estrogen mediation. The osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG)/receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway is crucially required for OT and OTR to exert anti-osteoporosis effect. Downregulating the expression of bone resorption markers and upregulating the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein, OT could increase BMSC activity and promote OB differentiation instead of adipocytes. It could also stimulate the mineralization of OB by motivating OTR translocation into the OB nucleus. Moreover, by inducing intracytoplasmic Ca2+ release and nitric oxide synthesis, OT could regulate the OPG/RANKL ratio in OB and exert a bidirectional regulatory effect on OC. Furthermore, OT could increase the activity of osteocytes and chondrocytes, which helps increase bone mass and improve bone microstructure. This paper reviews recent studies on the role of OT and OTR in regulating cells in bone metabolism as a reference for their clinical use and research based on their reliable anti-osteoporosis effects.

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Independent Skeletal Actions of Pituitary Hormones

Cited by 8 publications

References 130 publications

A Causality between Thyroid Function and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Abnormal Thyrotropin May Be Another Pediatric Predictor of Bone Fragility

A Causality between Thyroid Function and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood: Abnormal Thyrotropin May Be Another Pediatric Predictor of Bone Fragility

To investigate the mechanism of Yiwei Decoction in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency-related osteoporosis using transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques

The mechanism of oxytocin and its receptors in regulating cells in bone metabolism

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