Microlecture has the characteristics of single topic, easy to learn, convenient sharing, and real-time interaction. Whether these characteristics are conducive to enhancing the effect of ideological and political teaching in colleges is the focus of this paper. We have constructed the influence factor model of microlecture on ideological and political teaching effect in colleges. Through questionnaire survey and empirical analysis, we verify the four characteristics of microlecture. The results show that in microlecture teaching, single topic, easy to learn, and sharing convenience are the main factors to enhance the teaching effect of ideological and political course in colleges, while real-time interaction had no significant effect. Our study has enriched the literature of microlecture in ideological and political teaching and confirmed that microlecture can improve the teaching effect of ideological and political courses in colleges. Based on the research results, we propose the following recommendations: (1) in ideological and political teaching, recorded microlecture should concentrate on a single topic as far as possible, and the time of microlecture should be controlled to be shorter; (2) since students believe that microlecture make their study easier and share convenience, universities should consider promoting this mode in ideological and political teaching.