Index for Rating Predictive Accuracy of Screening Tests

Choi, Bernard C. K.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1635401

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, a screening result is not comparable with the result of an accurate diagnostic assessment. The aim of a screening is not to formulate diagnoses but to identify a population at risk, who should then participate in a more specific assessment, which has a good correlation in finding people who need a diagnosis and excluding people who do not need any further assessment (Wood, Flowers, Meyers & Hill, ; Choi, ; ; ). In order to meet the previously mentioned criteria, (sensitivity and specificity), the text used for our screening task was selected on the basis of the average reading skills of primary school students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procedure to measure children's reading speed and accuracy in Italian

2013

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Impaired readers in primary school should be early recognized, in order to asses a targeted intervention within the school and to start a teaching that respects the difficulties in learning to read, to write and to perform calculations. Screening procedures, inside the primary schools aimed at detecting children with difficulties in reading, are of fundamental importance for guaranteeing an early identification of dyslexic children and reducing both the primary negative effects--on learning--and the secondary negative effects--on the development of the personality--of this disturbance. In this study, we propose a new screening procedure measuring reading speed and accuracy. This procedure is very fast (it is exactly 1 min long), simple, cheap and can be provided by teachers without technical knowledge. On the contrary, most of the currently used diagnostic tests are about 10 min long and must be provided by experts. These two major flaws prevent the widespread use of these tests. On the basis of the results obtained in a survey on about 1500 students attending primary school in Italy, we investigate the relationships between variables used in the screening procedure and variables measuring speed and accuracy in the currently used diagnostic tests in Italy. Then, we analyse the validity of the screening procedure from a statistical point of view, and with an explorative factor analysis, we show that reading speed and accuracy seem to be two separate symptoms of the dyslexia phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procedure to measure children's reading speed and accuracy in Italian

2013

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“…positive predictive power K bzw. die negative predictive power K 0[25] bestimmt und getestet, ob der Wert signifikant gröûer als 1 ausfällt. Diese Vorhersagegröûen berechnen sich aus 613 .323 .710 .516 .677 .516 .452 10 .452 .452 .355 .613 .419 .516 .484 .484 .774 11 .516 .839 .484 .724 .548 .645 .290 .290 .645 .548 12 .516 .581 .419 .613 .613 .516 .484 .484 .581 .677 .742 13 .581 .645 .484 .613 .613 .581 .419 .419 .645 .613 .742 .742 14 .613 .806 .516 .581 .581 .613 .452 .452 .548 .452 .839 .645 .710 15 .484 .355 .516 .258 .323 .419 .581 .645 .355 .452 .258 .323 .387 .355 16 .387 .710 .613 .484 .484 .645 .419 .419 .581 .548 .613 .613 .677 .581 .516 17 .613 .677 .581 .581 .581 .613 .516 .516 .484 .452 .710 .581 .581 .742 .484 .645 18 .581 .839 .548 .613 .613 .645 .355 .355 .581 .484 .871 .613 .677 .839 .323 .677 .645 19 .419 .419 .581 .452 .387 .355 .452 .516 .355 .452 .387 .452 .452 .290 .677 .581 .419 .323 .645 .484 .516 .419 22 .613 .677 .452 .581 .645 .677 .516 .516 .677 .581 .710 .645 .645 .677 .355 .645 .613 .774 .290 .452 .581 23 .516 .515 .419 .613 .548 .516 .484 .548 .645 .548 .484 .484 .613 .452 .452 .613 .516 .484 .516 .355 .484 .581 24 .548 .290 .452 .387 .581 .419 .710 .710 .484 .516 .194 .452 .387 .226 .613 .581 .290 .323 .548 .516 .516 .484 .581 Übereinstimmungskoeffizienten der Befolger mit den hypothetisch prädiktiven Merkmalen hervor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Imperative akustische Halluzinationen bei Schizophrenie

Erkwoh

Eming-Erdmann²,

Willmes³

2001

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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Command hallucinations are a subtype of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. More likely than any other schizophrenic symptom, they may have an impact on the individual's behavior. In the forensic literature, aspects of dangerous actions induced by psychotic motivation have been discussed. From the psychiatric point of view, the main problem is the unpredictability of behavioral consequences. The present study examines psychopathological details of command hallucinations in 31 hospitalized schizophrenic patients, 10 females and 21 males, using a questionnaire including 24 items. The predictive accuracy of a distinct set of signs was rated concerning compliance vs. resistance of hallucinated commands. The predictors are: identifying the hallucinated voice, being affected by emotions after hallucinations, and misregarding the voice as being real. In the presence of these conditions, behavioral consequences are predicted by a value which was 6.7 times higher than that without any information about predictors. In the absence of these conditions, resistance of command voices is predicted by a value of 7.

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Die Grundlagen der Validierung einfacher, diagnostischer Tests

et al. 1988

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The fundamental terms in the evaluation of diagnostic tests are described and the differences to corresponding test parameters in clinical chemistry are emphasized. The derivation of a two-by two contingency table is explained in detail and basic characteristics of diagnostic tests, i.e. sensitivity and specificity as well as their independence of the prevalence (in the sense of a-priori-probability) is pointed out. The importance of the so-called predictive values is shown graphically, also the problem of selecting a cut-off-level (discrimination value) for the evaluation of quantitative data. The various attempts to find a single value for the description of a diagnostic test are discussed and it is stressed that there is no principal necessity to use other terms than those mentioned above. Nevertheless it is possible to give a prevalence-independent measure which has some additional advantages in rating and comparing simple diagnostic tests.

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Index for Rating Predictive Accuracy of Screening Tests

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

A new procedure to measure children's reading speed and accuracy in Italian

A new procedure to measure children's reading speed and accuracy in Italian

Imperative akustische Halluzinationen bei Schizophrenie

Die Grundlagen der Validierung einfacher, diagnostischer Tests

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