India’s Emergent Urban Formations

Duijne, Robbin Jan van; Nijman, Jan

doi:10.1080/24694452.2019.1587285

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…While the economy has grown at impressive rates over the last few decades, growth has been concentrated in sectors such as IT which do not generate widespread employment. Private sector jobs have also been concentrated in metropolitan centres, while public sector opportunities have contracted (van Duijne & Nijman, 2019). Increasing numbers of youth are compelled to work in the informal sector.…”

Section: Methods and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between unemployment and enterprise in neoliberal India: Educated youth creating work in the private education sector

Deuchar

Dyson

2020

Trans Inst British Geog

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This paper draws on ethnographic material to analyse how unemployed youth create work in the private educational sector. It shows how a set of educated young men, who moved from rural areas to a north Indian city to find work, are seeking to create jobs after an extended period of unemployment. Having attended coaching clinics and private tuition centres to prepare for white-collar jobs, they draw on the experience, knowledge, and skills they have gained to create work in those same institutions. They do so by running errands and creating services for institutions, as well as undertaking administrative duties and teaching classes. Our main argument is that young men creatively engage with notions of enterprise to make an income and acquire a measure of respect. Studies of enterprise culture and neoliberal subjectivity formation often emphasise how individuals shore up their own value by competing with others and promoting their own interests. But we highlight how youth also maintain their value by making sense of their strategies in terms of assisting other young people. At the same time, however, their practises work to reproduce gender norms and class inequalities.

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Section: Methods and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between unemployment and enterprise in neoliberal India: Educated youth creating work in the private education sector

Deuchar

Dyson

2020

Trans Inst British Geog

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“…First, urban-rural comparisons assume that the urban-rural classifications are unbiased and that the dichotomy sufficiently captures fundamental differences between urban and rural living. This supposition is problematic as biases may exist in the classification process 29,30 but also because of significant heterogeneities in the structure and functioning of urban areas 31 . Second, urban-rural differences in food consumption can be due to multiple factors and do not isolate the impacts of individual dimension 32 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and food consumption in India

Pandey

Reba

Joshi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The shift towards urban living is changing food demand. Past studies on India show significant urban–rural differences in food consumption. However, a scientific understanding of the underlying relationships between urbanization and food consumption is limited. This study provides the first detailed analysis of how urbanization influences both quantity and diversity of food consumption in India by harnessing the strength of multiple datasets, including consumer expenditure surveys, satellite imagery, and census data. Our statistical analysis shows three main findings. First, in contrast to existing studies, we find that much of the variation in food consumption quantity is due to income and not urbanization. After controlling for income and state-level differences, our results show that average consumption is higher in urban than rural areas for fewer than 10% of all commodities. That is, there is nearly no difference in average consumption between urban and rural residents. Second, we find the influence of urbanization as a population share on food consumption diversity to be statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.1). Instead, the results show that infrastructure, market access, percentage working women in urban areas, and norms and institutions have a statistically significant influence. Third, all covariates of food consumption diversity we tested were found to be associated with urbanization. This suggests that urbanization influences on food consumption are both indirect and multidimensional. These results show that increases in the urban population size alone do not explain changes in food consumption in India. If we are to understand how food consumption may change in the future due to urbanization, the study points to the need for a more complex and multidimensional understanding of the urbanization process that goes beyond demographic shifts.

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“…the more established cities) also appear to play a key role in Census Town emergence. Many Census Towns materialize in close vicinity to established cities, creating some form of suburban/peri-urban Census Town growth (Guin & Das, 2015b;Van Duijne & Nijman, 2019). Yet, as mentioned before, there remains a paucity of studies on the relationship between Census Towns and Statutory Towns.…”

Section: Macro Perspective: Reading the Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is part of a larger research project aimed at investigating new urban geographies that emerge far away from India's major cities, in areas that used to be predominantly rural. In the overall project we examine how and why this is happening, the economic drivers of these new urbanization trends and processes, and the socio-cultural changes that accompany these processes (Van Duijne, 2019;Van Duijne & Nijman, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between the 1950s and 2000s, India witnessed the gradual emergence of a few hundred of these new urban settlements according to the census, but in population totals this did not amount to substantive urbanization (see Indian Census, 2011;Van Duijne & Nijman, 2019). However, in the period 2001-2011, a total of 2,532 new Census Towns suddenly emerged across the country's vast rural landscapes, an unprecedented and unexpected rise in the number of these small urban geographies (Pradhan, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New urban geographies of West Bengal, East India

2020

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This article is part of a larger research project on new urban geographies in India. Between the population censuses of 2001 and 2011, India witnessed a record increase of 2,532 new Census Towns, small settlements that meet the country's criteria to be considered 'urban'. This steep increase is intricately linked with decreases in agricultural jobs, but we know very little about the spatiality of these urban geographies, alternative local employment, or the nature of the local economies of Census Towns. Based on a tailored geodatabase, our Main Map visualizes the geography of these heretofore uncharted Census Towns in the state of West Bengal. We then draw on reconnaissance fieldwork to zoom in on a cluster of Census Towns in central Bengal where we find evidence of urban growth that appears linked to road infrastructure, what we described in earlier conceptual work as "emergent highway urbanization". The Main Map and reconnaissance fieldwork contribute to a better, albeit early-stage, understanding of the rapidly changing spatiality of contemporary urbanization in this region.

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India’s Emergent Urban Formations

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Between unemployment and enterprise in neoliberal India: Educated youth creating work in the private education sector

Between unemployment and enterprise in neoliberal India: Educated youth creating work in the private education sector

Urbanization and food consumption in India

New urban geographies of West Bengal, East India

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