Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors

Russo, Alessandra; Izzo, Angelo A.; Cardile, Venera; Borrelli, Francesca; Vanella, A.

doi:10.1078/0944-7113-00021

Cited by 234 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Structurally important features defining the reduction potential of flavonoids are the hydroxylation pattern, a 3 ,4 -dihydroxy catechol structure in the B-ring, the planarity of the molecule and the presence of 2,3-unsaturation in conjugation with a 4-oxo function in the C-ring. Many studies have described the antioxidant efficacy of flavonoids in inhibiting the lipid peroxidation [29,82,171] and other biomolecules such as proteins and DNA [7,20,169] in vitro. Of particular importance to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease is the ability of flavonoids to inhibit peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dopamine and peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine in vitro by a structure-dependent mechanism involving either the oxidation or nitration of the flavonoid ring system [98,150,151].…”

Section: Flavonoids: Antioxidant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide

Schroeter

Boyd

Spencer

et al. 2002

Neurobiology of Aging

310

178

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Oxidative and nitrosative stress is increasingly associated with the pathology of neurodegeneration and aging. The molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative/nitrosative stress-induced neuronal damage are emerging and appear to involve a mode of death in which mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are strongly implicated. Thus, attention is turning towards the modulation of intracellular signaling as a therapeutic approach against neurodegeneration. Both endogenous and dietary agents have been suggested as potent modulators of intracellular signal transduction, e.g. nitric oxide and flavonoids, respectively. This review addresses recent findings on the biological effects of flavonoids and nitric oxide in neurodegeneration and aims to elucidate the rationale for their prospective use as modulators of cellular signal transduction. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Apoptosis; Oxidative stress; Neuron; Flavonoids; MAP kinase; JNK; ERK; Epicatechin; Nitric oxide; Mitochondria; Redox status; Polyphenols Abbreviations: AKT, serine/threonine kinase (also known as protein kinase B); AP-1, activator protein-1; Apaf-1, apoptosis protease activating factor-1; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1; Bad, Bcl-2/BclX Lassociated death promoting protein; Bax, pro-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2: protein with anti-apoptotic properties; BclX L , long form of Bclx: anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family; Caspase, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease; c-Jun, mammalian equivalent of Jun: part of the AP-1 transcription complex; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; DIABLO/smac, mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic protein: inhibits XIAP; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-related kinase; Fas, CD95: member of the TNF receptor family; GSHST, glutathione Stransferase; JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPKK, MAPK kinase; MAPKKK, MAPKK kinase; MEK1/2, ERK1/2-specific MAPKK; MKK4/7, JNK-specific MAPKK; MSK1, mitogen-and stress-activated kinase-1; NF-B, nuclear factor of immunoglobulin k locus in B-cells; ONOO − , peroxynitrite anion; p53, pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor gene product; PI3-kinase, phosphoinositol 3-kinase; Ras, small G-protein; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RSK, pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase; SAPK, stressactivated protein kinase; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis: inhibits the activation of caspase-9

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Section: Flavonoids: Antioxidant Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide

Schroeter

Boyd

Spencer

et al. 2002

Neurobiology of Aging

310

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They can also enhance the function of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (15). These antioxidant effects may also be a result of a combination of radical scavenging and interaction with enzyme functions (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective Effects of Quercetin and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis in Gamma-Irradiated Mice

Benković

Knežević

Đikić

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this study was to assess radioprotective effects of quercetin and the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) in CBA mice exposed to a single radiation dose 4 Gy ( 60 Co). The mice were treated with 100 mg kg -1 quercetin or EEP a day for three consecutive days either before (pre-treatment) or after gamma-irradiation (therapy). Leukocyte count was determined in blood drawn from the tail vein, and DNA damage in leukocytes was assessed using the alkaline comet assay. Genotoxic effects of the test compunds were also evaluated in non-irradiated mice. The levels of radioprotection provided by both test compounds were compared with those established in mice that were given chemical radioprotector S-(2-Aminoethyl)isothiouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET). Mice that received pre-treatment were less sensitive to irradiation. Mice given the post-irradiation therapy showed a slight but not signifi cant increase in total leukocyte count over irradiated negative control. Quercetin showed better protective properties than EEP in both pre-treatment and therapy, and activated a higher number of leukocytes in non-irradiated mice. The alkaline comet assay suggests that both natural compounds, especially when given as pre-treatment, protect against primary leukocyte DNA damage in mice. At tested concentrations, EEP and quercetin were not genotoxic to non-irradiated mice. AET, however, caused a slight but not signifi cant increase in DNA damage. Although the results of this study show the radioprotective potential of the test compounds, further investigation is needed to clarify the underlying protection mechanisms.

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“…Quercetin is believed to prevent UV radiation-induced damage to plants due to the increasing of quercetin biosynthesis after exposure to UVB radiation (Wilson et al, 1998;Solovchenko and Schmitz-Eiberger, 2003). This flavonol absorbs UV radiation with absorbance maxima in the UVA ( max = 365 nm) and UVC ( max = 256 nm) suggesting that one plausible photoprotective mechanism would be direct absorption of UV radiation, thereby preventing the formation of ROS and direct DNA damage (Russo et al, 2000). The UV energy absorbed by quercetin may be dissipated as heat, light (Falkovskaia et al, 1998) or through decomposition of quercetin (Fahlman and Krol 2009;Smith et al, 2000).…”

Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

Saewan

Jimtaisong²

2013

J App Pharm Sci

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Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause a number of skin disorders such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Since the level of UV radiation is increasing as a result of depletion of the stratospheric ozone and climate change, the protection of human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation is an urgent need. Topical application of sunscreens is a strategy to protect the deleterious effect of UV radiation on the skin. Sunscreens today contain one or several synthetic UV filter molecules which protect the UV radiation exposed on the epidermis. These molecules are broadly divided into physical and chemical agents. Physical sunscreens reflect and scatter UVB, UVA and visible radiation. Chemical sunscreens act by absorbing ultraviolet radiation and re-emitting chemical energy as heat or light. Several synthetic UV filter molecules are available in the market but they have limited use because these active molecules may create adverse effects on human skin. Some information on possible photon induced reaction such as photoirritation, photosensitization and contact dermatitis by sunscreen products containing synthetic organic sunscreen agents. To overcome these side effects, naturally occurring compounds have gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents. Flavonoids, a group of natural occurring compounds, act as catalysts in the light phase of photosynthesis and as stress protectants in plant cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural flavonoids have the potential photoprotection because of their UV absorbing, their ability to act as direct and indirect antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents which provide exciting platforms for the development of photoprotection. This review summarizes the structure and potential photoprotection activity of several natural flavonoids.

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Indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and DNA cleavage protectors

Cited by 234 publications

References 15 publications

MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide

MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide

Radioprotective Effects of Quercetin and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis in Gamma-Irradiated Mice

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

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