Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A New Perspective

Terray, Pascal; Dominiak, Sébastien

doi:10.1175/jcli3338.1

Cited by 100 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…From positive correlation between the SAM and the SOI in the 1990s. Terray and Dominiak (2005) demonstrate a reduction in speed of the polar front jet in the South Pacific associated with the ENSO SST anomalies that also confirms the link between the ENSO and the SAM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…12c) the southern branch of the horseshoe pattern is well marked. Terray and Dominiak (2005) relate this southern branch of the SST horseshoe pattern to the enhanced upper-level convergence brought about by the modulation of the regional meridional Hadley circulation. This upper-level convergence is associated with an upper-level low, which acts as a Rossby wave source region for the associated PSA pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Decadal Variability of the ENSO Teleconnection to the High-Latitude South Pacific Governed by Coupling with the Southern Annular Mode*

2006

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Decadal variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection to the high-latitude South Pacific is examined by correlating the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-yr Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and observations with the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) over the last two decades. There is a distinct annual contrast between the 1980s and the 1990s, with the strong teleconnection in the 1990s being explained by an enhanced response during austral spring. Geopotential height anomaly composites constructed during the peak ENSO seasons also demonstrate the decadal variability.Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis reveals that the 1980s September-November (SON) teleconnection is weak due to the interference between the Pacific-South American (PSA) pattern associated with ENSO and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). An in-phase relationship between these two modes during SON in the 1990s amplifies the height and pressure anomalies in the South Pacific, producing the strong teleconnections seen in the correlation and composite analyses. The in-phase relationship between the tropical and high-latitude forcing also exists in December-February (DJF) during the 1980s and 1990s.These results suggest that natural climate variability plays an important role in the variability of SAM, in agreement with a growing body of literature. Additionally, the significantly positive correlation between ENSO and SAM only during times of strong teleconnection suggests that both the Tropics and the high latitudes need to work together in order for ENSO to strongly influence Antarctic climate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Decadal Variability of the ENSO Teleconnection to the High-Latitude South Pacific Governed by Coupling with the Southern Annular Mode*

2006

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“…It is interesting to note that just before mid-1985 when the correlation sign changed, the Pacific climate underwent a climate shift (Graham 1994). The growth of ENSO was also different before and after the 1970s regime shift (Terray and Dominiak 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Multidecadal Changes in the Relationship of Storm Frequency over Euro-Mediterranean Region and ENSO During Boreal Winter

et al. 2017

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Background The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence over Euro-Mediterranean boreal winter season (December to February) precipitation anomalies has changed along the twentieth century. Purpose The precipitation anomalies are closely associated with storm track frequency. The changing relationship between the interannual variability of storm track frequency and ENSO is investigated at interannual and multidecadal timescales. Methods The Melbourne University cyclone tracking scheme (MS) is applied to reanalyse 200-hPa geopotential height (Z200) datasets to track the winter storms over the Euro-Mediterranean region for the period 1950-2016. Results The maximum of climatological storm track frequency is found to prevail in the study domain with large interannual variability. The multidecadal changes show a phase shift in the relationship between storm track frequency and ENSO from the 1950s to the recent decades. The storm track frequency is negatively correlated (-0.24) to ENSO for the early period , whereas it is positively correlated with a maximum correlation value of 0.44 for the recent period . The correlation departure (0.68) between the two periods shows a significant change in the multidecadal relationship between storm track frequency and ENSO. Conclusion The ENSO-associated significant changes are noted in the upper and lower tropospheric height anomalies over the North Atlantic and Euro-Mediterranean sector in the recent period with respect to the earlier period, which may largely influencing the storm activity (Frequency/Intensity) and precipitation anomalies over the Euro-Mediterranean region. The findings of this study can have important implications in Euro-Mediterranean seasonal predictability.

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“…Although the data length is quite short, it covers the period when the relationship between the UOHC and SST variability becomes more significant after the 1976/77 Pacific climate regime shift (Hasegawa and Hanawa 2003;Terray and Dominiak 2005).…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Webster et al 1998; showed that the interannual SSTA in the Indian and northwestern Pacific oceans are largely due to the remote ENSO forcing through the atmospheric bridge mechanism (Lau and Nath 1996), the presence of independent SSTA modes maintained by the local air-sea interactions has drawn great attentions recently (Saji et al 1999;Behera et al 2003;Terray and Dominiak 2005). For example, Tourre and White (1995) used limited subsurface data to show the presence of ENSO related eastward propagating SSTA and UOHCA patterns in the Indian Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagating Coupled Modes between the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Heat Content and SST Anomalies in the Interannual Timescale

Weng

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study uses a time-mode extended singular value decomposition (TESVD) analysis to identify the propagating coupled modes between the upper ocean heat content (UOHC) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Four dominant TESVD modes stand out in the interannual timescale. The TESVD1 and TESVD2 depict the thermocline-SST feedback process during ENSO's persistence period and its turnabout, respectively. With an intrinsic 42-month periodicity, both modes together form an UOHCA pattern propagating counterclockwise around the circuit of equatorial-to-northern tropical Pacific followed by the SSTA propagating eastward in the equatorial waveguide. The leading role of UOHCA is mainly associated with El Niñ o occurrence. In contrast, the TESVD3 depicts the onset stage of ENSO that has the westward propagating SSTA lead the UOHCA in the cold tongue region. Suppressed equatorial upwelling directly through the positive feedback between the warmer SSTs and anomalous wind convergence from the northwestern Pacific and Caribbean Sea is another factor to trigger El Niñ o over the NINO3 region, in addition to the thermocline-SST feedback. The TESVD4 depicts the low-frequency evolution of SSTA when ENSO signal is absent. It has the westward migrating SSTA lead the UOHCA 4-month in the equatorial East Pacific. However, the pace of coupled UOHCA is nearly stagnant elsewhere due to the lack of thermocline adjustment mechanism when the zonal wind anomalies largely disappear over the equatorial Indian and West Pacific Oceans. In the Indian Ocean, while the ENSO-related SSTA evolution mainly displays an eastward basin-scale change in the first two TESVD modes, SSTA pattern depicted by the TESVD3 (TESVD4) resembles the double (single) polarity of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event. It is mainly in its east pole region of southeastern Indian Ocean that the SSTA evolution tends to decouple with the underlying UOHCA.

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Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A New Perspective

Abstract: Here we show that the [1976][1977]

Cited by 100 publications

References 78 publications

Decadal Variability of the ENSO Teleconnection to the High-Latitude South Pacific Governed by Coupling with the Southern Annular Mode*

Decadal Variability of the ENSO Teleconnection to the High-Latitude South Pacific Governed by Coupling with the Southern Annular Mode*

Multidecadal Changes in the Relationship of Storm Frequency over Euro-Mediterranean Region and ENSO During Boreal Winter

Propagating Coupled Modes between the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Heat Content and SST Anomalies in the Interannual Timescale

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