Indian Ocean Tsunami: Relationships Among Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, Resource Loss, and Coping at 3 and 15 Months

Sattler, David N.; Assanangkornchai, Sawitri; Moller, Adam M.; Kesavatana-Dohrs, Wiworn; Graham, James M.

doi:10.1080/15299732.2014.869144

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…None of these consequences affected the study group, who were able to fly home a few days after the disaster (Sattler, Assanangkornchai, Moller, Kesavatana-Dohrs, & Graham, 2014). This limits the generalizability of the study while also allowing us to examine and compare different types of exposure in a much more isolated way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic growth and depreciation six years after the 2004 tsunami

Michélsen

Therup-Svedenlöf

Backheden

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been reported after various types of potentially traumatic events, as a part of the personal recovery process among survivors. Even negative changes in survivors’ life view, known as posttraumatic depreciation (PTD), have been identified as an additional aspect in the personal recovery processes. Objective: To examine how the type of exposure experienced by survivors of a natural disaster, the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami, influenced self-reported PTG and PTD six years later (T2). Additionally, the study examined the relations between psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) 14 months after the disaster (T1), to PTG and PTD, respectively at T2. Finally, the study examined whether psychological distress and PTSS (T1) could have a mediating effect on PTG and PTD at T2. Method: The participants were 848 tsunami survivors living in Stockholm, Sweden who responded to a questionnaire at 14 months (T1) and six years (T2) after the tsunami. The material was analysed using linear regression and pathway analysis. PTG and PTD were measured on separate scales. Results: The type of exposure was significant related to both PTG and PTD six years later (T2). Those experiencing a combination of various types of exposure (including threat to life and bereavement) reported higher scores for both PTG and PTD. There were significant positive correlations between PTSS at T1 and PTG /PTD at T2, and somewhat lower correlations between psychological distress at T1 and PTG/PTD at T2. Both PTSS and psychological distress at T1 were significant mediating variables for both PTG and PTD at T2. Conclusions: Studying survivors’ various types of exposure and subsequent changed view of life – both PTG and PTD – resulted in a broadened understanding of the complexity of reactions and the recovery process among survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic growth and depreciation six years after the 2004 tsunami

Michélsen

Therup-Svedenlöf

Backheden

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Support provided by co‐workers, supervisory personnel and family members may be essential in helping promote and enhance personal characteristic and condition resources (Cowman et al, ; Huynh et al, ). These recommendations may assist firefighters in taking action to resolve feelings of distress, manage emotions, clarify values and life priorities (Calhoun & Tedeschi, ; Janoff‐Bulman, ; Sattler et al, ), and offset—to some degree—negative outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, firefighters may experience increased awareness of life priorities and positive life changes as a result of thinking about the incident (Groleau, Calhoun, Cann, & Tedeschi, ). They may refine or learn new coping skills, gain an enhanced appreciation for life and experience new levels of self‐efficacy (viz., gain new resources, Linley & Joseph, ; Sattler, Assanangkornchai, Moller, Kesavatana‐Dohrs, & Graham, ). These positive outcomes may offset to some degree negative experiences (Groleau et al, ; Linley & Joseph, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Problem‐focused coping involves taking direct action, emotion‐focused coping involves managing stress by attempting to alter emotional responses to the situation (Folkman & Lazarus, ) and avoidance coping involves avoiding or disengaging from the situation or processing the event. Problem‐focused coping may be associated with growth following stressful events (Linley & Joseph, ; Sattler et al, ). Emotion‐focused coping may involve seeking emotional support and positive reframing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma‐exposed Firefighters: Relationships among Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress, Resource Availability, Coping and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Experience

2014

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This project examines protective factors associated with resilience/posttraumatic growth and risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress among firefighters exposed to critical incidents. The participants were 286 (257 men and 29 women) volunteer and paid firefighters in Whatcom County, Washington. Participants completed an anonymous survey asking about demographics, critical incident exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic growth, resource availability, coping, occupational stress and critical incident stress debriefing experience. Most participants had significant critical incident exposure, and about half had attended critical incident stress debriefing sessions. Posttraumatic growth was associated with being female, critical incident exposure, critical incident stress debriefing attendance, posttraumatic stress symptoms (negative association), occupational support, occupation satisfaction, occupational effort, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and personal characteristic resources. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were positively associated with years of firefighting, burnout, occupational effort and disengagement coping and negatively associated with critical incident stress debriefing attendance, posttraumatic growth, social support, internal locus of control, personal characteristic resources, energy resources and condition resources. The findings support conservation of resources stress theory and show that the maintenance and acquisition of resources can offset losses and facilitate resilience/posttraumatic growth. Implications of the findings for enhancing firefighter resources, facilitating resilience and minimizing occupational stressors are discussed.

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“…Researchers have suggested that early successful coping may lead to later growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). In fact, coping was a significant predictor of posttraumatic growth even after accounting for variables, such as social support, past trauma experience, loss of resources, health problems, gender, age, and education (He, Xu, & Wu, 2013;Sattler, Assanangkornchai, Moller, Kesavatana-Dohrs, & Graham, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%