Indian plate kinematic studies by GPS-geodesy

Malaimani, E. C.; Campbell, James; Görres, Barbara; Kotthoff, Holger; Smaritschnik, Stefan

doi:10.1186/bf03352275

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We define the Indian plate using three sites, HYDE, IISC, and MALD. Our mean rate residual (1 mm/yr) is compatible with earlier rigidity studies of Paul et al [1995] and Malaimani et al [2000]. We agree with earlier findings suggesting that the Indian plate is moving slower than predicted by NUVEL‐1A [ Chen et al , 2000; Shen et al , 2000; Holt et al , 2000; Paul et al , 2001; Kreemer et al , 2000].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

REVEL: A model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy

2002

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[1] We present a new global model for Recent plate velocities, REVEL, describing the relative velocities of 19 plates and continental blocks. The model is derived from publicly available space geodetic (primarily GPS) data for the period 1993-2000. We include an independent and rigorous estimate for GPS velocity uncertainties to assess plate rigidity and propagate these uncertainties to the velocity estimates. The velocity fields for North America, Eurasia, and Antarctica clearly show the effects of glacial isostatic adjustment, and Australia appears to depart from rigid plate behavior in a manner consistent with the mapped intraplate stress field. Two thirds of tested plate pairs agree with the NUVEL-1A geologic (3 Myr average) velocities within uncertainties. Three plate pairs (Caribbean-North America, Caribbean-South America, and North America-Pacific) exhibit significant differences between the geodetic and geologic model that may reflect systematic errors in NUVEL-1A due to the use of seafloor magnetic rate data that do not reflect the full plate rate because of tectonic complexities. Most other differences probably reflect real velocity changes over the last few million years. Several plate pairs (Arabia-Eurasia, Arabia-Nubia, Eurasia-India) move more slowly than the 3 Myr NUVEL-1A average, perhaps reflecting long-term deceleration associated with continental collision. Several other plate pairs, including Nazca-Pacific, Nazca-South America and Nubia-South America, are experiencing slowing that began $25 Ma, the beginning of the current phase of Andean crustal shortening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

REVEL: A model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy

2002

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“…A monsoon is prevented from reaching the central part of India due to the presence of a N-S-trending hill range along the western coast of the country, known as the Western Ghats. The Indian plate, on which the Indian subcontinent is situated, is moving northward against the Eurasian plate during the past ~60 million years (Molnar, 1984) at a present rate of ~3.7 cm/a (Malaimani et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2001). At this rate, the Indian subcontinent could have traveled only ~1.85 km northward during the past ~50,000 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) evidence for oblique impact on terrestrial basalt flows: Lonar crater, India

Misra

Arif

Basavaiah

et al. 2009

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique, combined with the analyses of satellite images and the geological structure, are examined on Lonar crater , a small, ~1.8-km-diameter impact crater in India, to evaluate the direction and obliquity of asteroid impact. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Refl ection Radiometer (ASTER) image (15-m resolution) of the ca. 52 ka Lonar crater in the subhorizontal Deccan basalt (ca. 65 Ma) shows that this simple, bowl-shaped impact crater has a near-circular rim with a circularity of ~0.95. Most of the highly refl ecting, continuous-ejecta blanket around the crater rim can be enveloped with an ellipse whose major E-W axis is coincident with the diameter of the crater rim and minor N-S axis is relatively displaced toward the west by ~200 m. The present ejecta distribution, which appears to be close to its pristine shape, extends to a distance of ~700 m in all the directions from the crater rim except to the west where it extends to a distance of a little more than 1 km. The circular shape of the crater rim, the E-W bilateral symmetry of the enveloping ellipse on the ejecta, and the greater extension of the ejecta toward the west appear to be the result of an oblique impact from the east with an angle of incidence of 30°-45° when compared with experiments. The AMS data suggest that the target basalts occurring at ~2 km west-southwest of the crater rim are highly shocked, as indicated by the random orientation of their K 3 susceptibility axes in comparison to the unshocked basalts at ~2 km east-southeast of the crater; the unshocked basalts show a bimodal distribution of susceptibility axes typical of lava fl ows. Moderate to strong westward shifts of the K 3 axes are seen for the majority of the shocked basalts on the crater rim and westsouthwest of the crater; the shocked basalts also indicate an oblique impact from the east when compared with modeling and experiments. A general lowering of degree of anisotropy of the Lonar shocked basalts (~1.01) compared to the surrounding unshocked basalts (~1.03) is found to be a characteristic feature of impact crater target rocks. Variation in attitudes of the basalt fl ows on the Lonar crater rim shows a bilaterally symmetrical distribution about an E-W axial plane, which includes quaquaversal dips of the fl ows all around the crater rim, except to the west where overturned dips of the basalt fl ows are seen. It appears that oblique impact and the symmetry in structural variations around the crater rim have a relationship for a small crater such as Lonar.

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“…Other studies (Shen et al, 2000;Malaimani et al, 2000;Chen et al, 2000) suggest velocities ranging from 37 to 43 mm/yr. The relative Indian plate velocity is predicted to be 45 mm/yr and 42.4 ± 1 mm/yr by the NUVEL-1A (DeMets et al, 1994) and REVEL (Sella et al, 2002) models, respectively.…”

Section: Crustal Deformation Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 95%