Indicators of neonatal health of preterm infants

Abstract

Relevance. Monitoring of indicators of the health status of premature babies is one of the current scientific directions in neonatology. Purpose — to determine the direction of long-term dynamics of indicators of neonatal health of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of epidemiological indicators for the period 2002–2018 was conducted on the basis of data from state statistical reports. Results. The share of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus has stabilized at the level of 4.2–4.5%. The survival rate up to 1 year of infants with a body weight of 500–999 g increased by 2 times to the maximum level in 2018 (81.5%). Marked increase in General morbidity of prematurity for 2002–2010 (p<0.05) and reduction by 2016 (p=0.001), including those born weighing 500 to 999 g. more Often other diseases recorded are the syndrome of respiratory disorders, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia, increased frequency of infections specific to the perinatal period (p<0.05). The national premature mortality rate has stabilized at 0.95% over the past 9 years, with a 5-fold reduction in the rate among children with a body weight of 500—999 g. Conclusions. The assessment of long-term dynamics of the main indicators of preterm health in the Republic of Belarus showed the effectiveness of implementing a set of organizational and medical measures, including the functioning of a multi-level system of perinatal care and the use of health-forming nursing technologies. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: premature infants, morbidity, mortality, survival rate.