Reproductive health was reviewed in four oblasts of the Republic of Belarus that were either heavily exposed (Mogilev and Gomel) or lightly exposed (Brest and Vitebsk) to ionizing radiation after the meltdown of a nuclear reactor in Chernobyl. A retrospective analysis was conducted on pregnancies occurring between January 1, 1982, and December 31,1990, and a comparison of results was made between pregnancy outcomes prior to and after the meltdown for individuals residing in heavily exposed and lightly exposed oblasts. Pregnant women who resided in heavily exposed oblasts appeared to be at risk for development of toxemia, renal insufficiency and anemia. Neonates born in heavily contaminated areas were apparently at risk for development of anemia and congenital malformations and perinatal death. In addition, a cohort of 757 neonates, 0-18 months old, with a normal physical examination, was identified for laboratory analysis of hematological, immunological, endocrinological and nutritional status. Decreased levels of copper and zinc were documented in erythrocytes from neonates from heavily contaminated oblasts, findings that may he related more to inadequate nutrition than to radiation exposure. Increased absolute "null" lymphocyte number and diminished absolute T lymphocyte number with a reduction in the "helper" (i.e.,

The study and monitoring of international indicators of the health status of premature infants is the current vector of scientific research in neonatology.Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the nursing technologies of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus based on the analysis of long-term indicators of morbidity, mortality and survival of the infants with extremely low body weight.Material and methods. Statistical reports data were used for a retrospective analysis of epidemiological indicators for the period of 2002–2018.Results. The proportion of premature infants in the Republic of Belarus was stabilized at 4,2–4,5% increase in the absolute numbers, including those born weighing less than 1500 g. The ratio of the absolute number of alive and stillborn infants with extremely low body weight is many times higher than the initial values (p<0,05). The survival rate of infants with a body weight of 500–999g up to 1 year increased 2 times to the maximum level in 2018 (81,5%). There was an increase in the overall incidence of premature children in 2002–2010 (p<0,05) and a decrease by 2016 (p=0,001), including those born with a body weight of 500–999 g. Respiratory distress syndrome, intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth, an increase in the frequency of infections specific to the perinatal period (p <0,05) were registered more often. Among the children born with a body weight of 500–999 g, the incidence of congenital pneumonia for the period 2002–2009 increased to a maximum level of 263,4 ‰ (p <0,05) with a twofold decrease by 2018. The republican mortality rate of premature babies was stabilized at the level of 0,95 ‰ in the last 9 years, while the indicator was decreased 5 times among children weighing 500–999 g.Conclusion. The assessment of the long-term dynamics of the main indicators of the health status of premature infants in the Republic of Belarus testified to the effectiveness of a complex of organizational and medical measures for their nursing.

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Relevance. Monitoring of indicators of the health status of premature babies is one of the current scientific directions in neonatology. Purpose — to determine the direction of long-term dynamics of indicators of neonatal health of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of epidemiological indicators for the period 2002–2018 was conducted on the basis of data from state statistical reports. Results. The share of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus has stabilized at the level of 4.2–4.5%. The survival rate up to 1 year of infants with a body weight of 500–999 g increased by 2 times to the maximum level in 2018 (81.5%). Marked increase in General morbidity of prematurity for 2002–2010 (p<0.05) and reduction by 2016 (p=0.001), including those born weighing 500 to 999 g. more Often other diseases recorded are the syndrome of respiratory disorders, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia, increased frequency of infections specific to the perinatal period (p<0.05). The national premature mortality rate has stabilized at 0.95% over the past 9 years, with a 5-fold reduction in the rate among children with a body weight of 500—999 g. Conclusions. The assessment of long-term dynamics of the main indicators of preterm health in the Republic of Belarus showed the effectiveness of implementing a set of organizational and medical measures, including the functioning of a multi-level system of perinatal care and the use of health-forming nursing technologies. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: premature infants, morbidity, mortality, survival rate.

Цель. Оценка показателей региональной оксигенации у новорожденных с анемическим синдромом и после его коррекции.Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 76 новорожденных детей. В зависимости от факта наличия или отсутствия анемического синдрома, требовавшего проведения его коррекции, все исследуемые новорожденные были разделены на 2 группы: с анемическим синдромом – 8 пациентов и без него – 68 пациентов. Мультирегиональный мониторинг тканевой оксигенации проводился с использованием церебрального/соматического оксиметра«INVOS 5100C» (Covidien, Medtronic, США).Результаты и обсуждение. По сравнению с новорожденными с анемическим синдромом, для младенцев группы сравнения были характерны более высокие минимальные значения церебральной оксигенации (73 [66; 80] против 56 [39; 70], p=0,0447) и более низкие значенияcFTOE (0,17 [0,11; 0,23] против 0,35 [0,30; 0,48], p=0,0021). Также было установлено, что новорожденный ребенок, имеющий на фоне дыхательных нарушений значения cFTOE >0,22, в 3,5 раза вероятнее имеет проявления анемического синдрома, требующего переливания препаратов донорских эритроцитов.Коррекция анемического синдрома сопровождалась увеличением уровня гемоглобина на 51 [36; 56] г/л и гематокрита на 16 [15; 17] %. При этом только показатели crSO2 и cFTOE продемонстрировали различия до и после гемотрансфузии: crSO2 до коррекции анемии – 60 [55; 69] и после – 65 [61; 71], 0,0156; cFTOE до коррекции анемии – 0,40 [0,30; 0,45] и после 0,34 [0,27;0,38], p=0,0078.Заключение. Мониторинг региональной оксигенации у новорожденных детей может использоваться как для ранней диагностики кислородного дисбаланса в тканях на фоне развивающейся анемии, так и для оценки эффективности ее коррекции. Purpose. Assessment of regional oxygenation in neonates with anemic syndrome and after its correction.Materials and methods. The study included 76 neonates. Depending on the fact of the presence or absence of anemia, which required its correction, all included in the study infants were divided into 2 groups: with anemia – 8 patients and without it – 68 patients. Multiregional monitoring of tissueoxygenation was performed with the help of INVOS 5100C cerebral/somatic oximeter (Covidien, Medtronic, USA).Results and discussion. In comparison with infants with anemia, the comparison group had higher level of minimal cerebral oxygenation (73 [66; 80] versus 56 [39; 70], p=0.0447), and lower cFTOEvalues (0.17 [0.11; 0.23] versus 0.35 [0,30; 0,48], p=0,0021). It was also found that a newborn with RDS and cFTOE> 0.22 is 3.5 times more likely to have anemia, which requires PRBC transfusion.Correction of anemia was accompanied by the increase of hemoglobin level by 51 [36; 56] g/l and hematocrit – by 16 [15; 17] %. Moreover, only crSO2 and cFTOE showed the differences before and after transfusion: crSO2 before – 60 [55; 69] and after – 65 [61; 71], p=0.0156; cFTOE before –0.40 [0.30; 0.45] and after 0.34 [0.27; 0.38], p=0.0078.Conclusion. Monitoring of regional oxygenation in neonates can be used for early diagnosis of oxygen imbalance in tissues on the background of development of anemia, and assessment of the effectiveness of its correction as well.