Indigenous Island Empires: Yap and Tonga Considered

Petersen, Glenn

doi:10.1080/00223340050052275

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Pacific Islanders were extremely proficient in developing exchange relationships and interaction spheres to fulfill the basic needs of a group, including obtaining marriage partners to enhance genetic diversity, mitigating the effects of catastrophes such as typhoons (i.e., the "rescue effect"), and acquiring needed resources. The well-known sawei exchange system in Micronesia that involved occupants from numerous atolls traveling to Yap to trade and pay tribute, and in the process procure muchneeded timber and pottery, is an excellent case in point (Alkire 1965(Alkire , 1993Petersen 2000). Likewise, while remote atolls in the Pacific today may still appear to be isolated, many atoll inhabitants often engage in regular trips to other islands to trade, obtain resources, etc.…”

Section: Marginalization Of the Marginsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Fitzpatrick

Thompson

Poteate

et al. 2016

The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology

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Across the world's seas and oceans, archaeological research focused on islands has generally privileged those that are larger in size. Explanations for this phenomenon range from the (mis)perception by scholars that prehistoric peoples were more attracted to the presumed greater number and diversity of resources typically available on larger islands, to the ephemeral aspect of archaeological evidence on smaller land areas. These are coupled with logistical and infrastructure issues that often limit access to labor, equipment, and transportation to conduct field activities (e.g., remote atolls in the Pacific). A growing body of research demonstrates, however, that ancient peoples regularly and readily occupied and/or accessed many smaller islands for both terrestrial and marine resources. In some cases, within an archipelago, evidence shows an earlier occupation on smaller islands versus larger ones, or an attraction to the former given unique or seasonal resource availability and/or defensive capabilities. We describe cases from several areas of the world that highlight the importance of relatively small islands (∼1-500 km 2 ) for understanding human adaptations in what many have considered to be among the most marginal of environments.

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Section: Marginalization Of the Marginsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Fitzpatrick

Thompson

Poteate

et al. 2016

The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology

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“…The most obvious possibility is that horizontal cultural exchange between many of these island societies has obscured the phylogenetic divergences that may have developed. There is good evidence for trade networks and other ongoing cultural relationships throughout Polynesia (Rolett 1996(Rolett , 2002Petersen 2000;Barnes & Hunt 2005). For example, stone adzes found on Mangaia Island in the southern Cooks were shown to be made of basalt imported from a quarry on Tutuila Island in American Samoa, 1600 km away (Weisler & Kirch 1996); imported basalt adzes and pounders were also found on the Tuamotuan coral atolls (Emory 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring population histories using cultural data

2009

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The question as to whether cultures evolve in a manner analogous to that of genetic evolution can be addressed by attempting to reconstruct population histories using cultural data. As others have argued, this can only succeed if cultures are isolated enough to maintain and pass on a central core of traditions that can be modified over time. In this study we used a set of cultural data (canoe design traits from Polynesia) to look for the kinds of patterns and relationships normally found in population genetic studies. After developing new techniques to accommodate the peculiarities of cultural data, we were able to infer an ancestral region (Fiji) and a sequence of cultural origins for these Polynesian societies. In addition, we found evidence of cultural exchange, migration and a serial founder effect. Results were stronger when analyses were based on functional traits (presumably subject to natural selection and convergence) rather than symbolic or stylistic traits (probably subject to cultural selection for rapid divergence). These patterns strongly suggest that cultural evolution, while clearly affected by cultural exchange, is also subject to some of the same processes and constraints as genetic evolution.

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“…Although they are a small island, Tonga was never formally colonized, and Tonga was once a significant regional power which has the potential to preconditioned them to behave in a manner that is different from how (Dutton and Tyron 1994;Poulsen 1977;Calder et al, 1999;Luders 1996;Mahina 1990;Petersen 2000). This is reflected in a very rich social context, where social norms of culture, nobility ruling, and religious beliefs are still very much strong and perpetuated through everyday practices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 36 write of a Tongan empire that extended from Niue to Tikopia, a distance of approximately 2,500 kilometres (Dutton and Tyron 1994;Poulsen 1977;Calder et al, 1999;Luders 1996;Mahina 1990;Petersen 2000).…”

Section: The Island Kingdom Of Tongamentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting as capital and doxa: exploring power and resistance in World Bank projects in Tonga

Fukofuka

Jacobs

2018

AAAJ

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the fluid role of accounting both as a form of power and resistance in the context of World Bank projects in the Island Kingdom of Tonga. Design/methodology/approach Bourdieu’s concepts of doxa and capital provided the framework for problematizing the fluidity of practices of accounting as both a form of power and of resistance. The authors used a qualitative field study design based on a combination of a documentary analysis of these loan agreements and interviews with key actors and informants. Findings The role of accounting in relation to subaltern groups is mediated by the doxic rules and existing capital arrangements at the national and the local or village level. Understanding accounting as both capital and as doxa explains why it can be both a form of power and of resistance. Practical implications This study provides policy makers and foreign donors of Tonga and other Pacific Islands a deeper understanding on the struggles to implement and the impacts of accounting at local level as accounting is deployed as part of struggles in various social contexts each with its own doxa and capital arrangements. Originality/value This study contributes to the growing accounting body of work that seeks to better understand accounting by proposing that role of accounting as a tool for domination is mediated in various social settings by the doxic value and the existing capital arrangements in those settings.

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Indigenous Island Empires: Yap and Tonga Considered

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Inferring population histories using cultural data

Accounting as capital and doxa: exploring power and resistance in World Bank projects in Tonga

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