Indigenous social and economic adaptations in northern Alaska as measures of resilience

Martin, Stephanie

doi:10.5751/es-07586-200408

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Huge swaths of the state face isolation and are not connected to urban areas by road, but rather are only accessible by air, sea, or overland transport (e.g., all-terrain vehicles or snowmobile). Despite cultural and subsistence strengths, often these remote portions of Alaska are characterized by economic strain and unemployment (Goldsmith, 2007), mental health problems, substance abuse, partner violence (Brems, 1996), high suicide rates (Statewide Suicide Prevention Council, et al, 2007), out migration (Martin, Killorin, & Colt, 2008), shortages in health professionals (Health Resources & Services Administration, 2012), and barriers in providing rural health care services (Brems, Johnson, Warner, & Roberts, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dial in: Fostering the use of telebehavioral health services in frontier Alaska.

Avey¹,

Hobbs²

2013

Psychological Services

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Telehealth programs continue to develop rapidly in the United States, with video teleconferencing leading the way in rural areas. Unfortunately, organizational factors can limit the use of these innovative services. Researchers explored key factors that foster initial or renewed interest, continued extensive use, and adaptations to barriers in implementing Telebehavioral Health Services in rural Alaska. A total of 18 key informant interviews were conducted with direct care staff, administrative staff, and information technology professionals. Summative interview narratives were thematically coded by hand. Results indicate that direct care and administrative staff were found to be interested in the following benefits of telehealth services: increased care, decreased patient travel, decreased organizational costs, and meeting a perceived patient preference. The fulfillment of these interests, coordination, adequate staffing, accessibility of equipment, and clinician competency all contributed to the use of telehealth services. Numerous adaptations to barriers were found involving coordination, personal oversight, acceptance of limitations, education, staffing, billing for services, consultation, modifying referrals patterns, and creating treatment alternatives. Information technology professionals identified communication and assistance, testing connections, resolving initial issues, maintenance, and vision and control as vital factors. Findings may aid programs in dealing with pragmatic issues to maintain organizational readiness.

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confidence: 99%

Dial in: Fostering the use of telebehavioral health services in frontier Alaska.

Avey¹,

Hobbs²

2013

Psychological Services

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“…These predictions should receive careful consideration as new projects are being planned to ensure that resource development opportunities do not end up undermining subsistence opportunities, as has been suggested in other countries (Parlee et al 2018). Some communities may be able to substitute reductions in caribou availability with other resources (e.g., marine mammals), while for others that are highly dependent on caribou the impacts may be felt more strongly (Anaktuvuk Pass; Bacon et al 2011, Martin 2015). It is possible that changes in caribou movement patterns in response to new development may increase subsistence opportunities for some communities, as is suggested for communities in the southern and eastern portions of the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping potential effects of proposed roads on migratory connectivity for a highly mobile herbivore using circuit theory

Fullman¹,

Wilson²,

Joly

et al. 2020

Ecological Applications

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Migration is common worldwide as species access spatiotemporally varying resources and avoid predators and parasites. However, long‐distance migrations are increasingly imperiled due to development and habitat fragmentation. Improved understanding of migratory behavior has implications for conservation and management of migratory species, allowing identification and protection of seasonal ranges and migration corridors. We present a technique that applies circuit theory to predict future effects of development by analyzing season‐specific resistance to movement from anthropogenic and natural environmental features across an entire migratory path. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by examining potential effects of a proposed road system on barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska. Resource selection functions revealed migratory selection by caribou. We tested five scenarios relating habitat selection to landscape resistance using Circuitscape and GPS telemetry data. To examine the effect of potential roads on connectivity of migrating animals and human hunters, we compared current flow values near communities in the presence of proposed roads. Caribou avoided dense vegetation, rugged terrain, major rivers, and existing roads in both spring and fall. A negative linear relationship between resource selection and landscape resistance was strongly supported for fall migration while spring migration featured a negative logarithmic relationship. Overall patterns of caribou connectivity remained similar in the presence of proposed roads, though reduced current flow was predicted for communities near the center of current migration areas. Such data can inform decisions to allow or disallow projects or to select among alternative development proposals and mitigation measures, though consideration of cumulative effects of development is needed. Our approach is flexible and can easily be adapted to other species, locations and development scenarios to expand understanding of movement behavior and to evaluate proposed developments. Such information is vital to inform policy decisions that balance new development, resource user needs, and preservation of ecosystem function.

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“…Éstos, siguiendo a Smith y Stirling (2010), se constituyen a partir de ciertas formas de resiliencia propias de ecosistemas dinámicos, que se adaptan, como en el caso estudiado, a pesar de la erosión y disminución del ganado. Sin embargo, su instalación supone desajustes entre la intervención tecnología y prácticas culturales locales a partir de las que se les asimila (Martin, 2015;Smith y Stirling, 2010).…”

Section: Conclusiónunclassified

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Cuhso

2024

CUHSO

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editorial José Díaz Diego EditorEn el primer número del volumen 27 de la revista CUHSO · Cultura-HombreSociedad, editada por la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, el lector podrá encontrar cinco artículos de investigación, tres avances de investigación y una reseña bibliográfica.De los cinco artículos de investigación, cuatro conciernen a La Araucanía y uno a Rapa Nui. En el primer trabajo, Samuel San Juan reflexiona sobre los contenidos, límites y alcances del concepto nación aplicado al pueblo mapuche, así como sobre algunos de los desaf íos que suponen sus reivindicaciones sociales y territoriales en el contexto de las complejas relaciones históricas y políticas derivadas de la ocupación chilena del Wallmapu.Por su parte, Hernán J. Riquelme aborda, a través del análisis de las pautas y circuitos de desplazamiento diario de estudiantes universitarios de La Araucanía entre sus hogares y sus centros de estudio en Temuco, la necesidad de ajustes inadvertidos en la reciente política educativa del gobierno chileno de permitir el acceso gratuito a los estudios superiores a los alumnos pertenecientes a las familias situadas en el 50% de menores ingresos del país que, en la Novena región, coinciden en proceder muchos de ellos de comunas periféricas con deficientes servicios de transporte público y escasas posibilidades de transporte privado.En tercer lugar, Dorian Romenns incursiona en las dinámicas socioculturales vinculadas al aumento de la iniciativa turística por parte de comunidades mapuches en y en torno a la localidad lacustre de Lican Ray, a orillas del lago Calafquén, que si bien no se abstraen en su totalidad de las lógicas mercantiles de consumo de productos turísticos diferenciados, del contexto neoliberal chileno y de las fuerzas homogeneizadoras de la globalización, logran plantear alternativas al desarrollo indígena, a la resistencia cultural y al reconocimiento sociopolítico.Alejándose del continente, Javier Corvalán y Kon Turi Atan aportan valiosa información sobre el estatus de la lengua española en Rapa Nui a través de las preguntas del Censo de 1916, llevado a cabo a escasos dos años desde la institucionalización de su enseñanza por parte del Estado chileno con la fundación DÍAZ DIEGO EDITORIAL 2 de la primera escuela en Isla de Pascua en 1914. Corvalán y Atan concluyen que el castellano, si bien de manejo incipientemente aun, lo era mejor por parte de hombres que de mujeres rapanui debido a la incorporación temprana de los hombres al trabajo asalariado y al ejército chileno a través del servicio militar.Cerrando la sección de artículos de investigación, Fernanda Carrasco, Rocío Droguett, Denisse Huaiquil, Alejandra Navarrete, María José Quiroz y Helder Binimelis analizan las expectativas y conflictos que surgen del uso de tecnologías móviles entre los usuarios cuando son niños, y sus familias, prestando especial atención, en el caso de estudio de una escuela municipal de Temuco, al surgimiento de nuevas normas sociales para la regulación de la convivencia condicion...

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Indigenous social and economic adaptations in northern Alaska as measures of resilience

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Dial in: Fostering the use of telebehavioral health services in frontier Alaska.

Dial in: Fostering the use of telebehavioral health services in frontier Alaska.

Mapping potential effects of proposed roads on migratory connectivity for a highly mobile herbivore using circuit theory

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