Indikation der Gewässerbeschaffenheit durch Diatomeen

Schönfelder, Ilka

doi:10.1002/9783527678488.hbal2000002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Further, data of atrazine were divided for algal groups. The majority of the periphyton algae found in our microcosms were diatoms (>80%), one of the most diverse algal groups in aquatic systems (about 20,000 species worldwide [34]), often dominating periphyton communities. In our experiments, a total of 37 diatom species was determined from the atrazine experiment, 25 from the prometryn experiment, and 56 from the isoproturon experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii‐herbicide exposure using pollution‐induced community tolerance and species‐sensitivity distributions

Schmitt‐Jansen¹,

Altenburger²

2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Various test strategies are in use in ecotoxicology to assess the potential risks of toxicants on aquatic communities. The species-sensitivity distribution concept (SSD) works by arranging single-species laboratory test data in a cumulative frequency distribution. The pollution-induced community tolerance concept (PICT) uses observable community responses by measuring increases in community tolerance caused by the replacement of sensitive species after exposure. The aim of this study was to compare these two concepts in assessing the effects of three herbicides. Atrazine, prometryn, and isoproturon were found to increase community tolerance by a factor up to six. Atrazine increased community tolerance only at higher test concentrations (0.125 mg L(-1)). Species-sensitivity distributions correspond well to community responses: The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of untreated periphyton communities tested covered 55 to 65% of affected species represented in the SSD. The sensitivities of tolerant algal communities shifted to the right end of the SSDs. In the microcosm experiments, higher test concentrations affected biomass, species numbers, and community structure. Community tolerance could not be induced any further, suggesting that these concentrations represent a maximum of functional redundancy of a functional group. At higher concentrations, even the least-sensitive species are affected. These results can be interpreted as a confirmation of the SSD concept by observed algal community responses, when applied to photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii‐herbicide exposure using pollution‐induced community tolerance and species‐sensitivity distributions

Schmitt‐Jansen¹,

Altenburger²

2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The duckweed was more tolerant to acid-only conditions from pH 5.0 upwards, where growth was either equal to the control, or was stimulated relatively to the control Alles (1998), Schönfelder (2000 and Schaumburg et al (2005) Phytoassessment of acid mine drainage 53 p \ 0.0001, pH · time, F 30, 72 = 17.3, p \ 0.0001), setting the LOEC at pH 4.4 and the NOEC at pH 5.0. Mortality did not reach 50% and the regression was not significant due to low necrosis in AMD-pH 3.3.…”

Section: Acid-onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the PDI is essentially an index of trophy, and hence not suited to detect AMD, it was tested on our data to ensure that the observed differences were indeed independent of background trophy. Further, the presence of indicator species for salinity (Schönfelder 2000), trophy, alcalinity, acidity and mines (Alles 1998), as well as carbonates and silicates (Schaumburg et al, 2005) was screened per site. Moreover, the Shannon diversity index (H ¼ ÀRP i ln P i , where P i = proportion of species i, Begon et al 1986) and the Jaccard similarity index (J = a/(a + b + c), where a is number of species common to two samples, b = number of species only present in one sample, c = number of species only present in the other sample, Podani 2000) were calculated in order to get an appreciation of respective species richness and species overlap among sites.…”

Section: Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoassessment of acid mine drainage: Lemna gibba bioassay and diatom community structure

Gerhardt

Bisthoven

Guhr³

et al. 2007

Ecotoxicology

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An integrated multilevel phytoassessment of an acid mine drainage (AMD, pH range 3.3-6.8) in southern Portugal was performed. A 7-day phytotoxicity bioassay with the duckweed Lemna gibba (chlorosis, necrosis, growth) was carried out, both in the laboratory and in situ, combined with an analysis of the resident epilithic diatom community. The toxicity test was performed with water from the AMD gradient, an unpolluted river control and acidified control water, in order to discriminate potential pH-effects from combined pH- and metal-effects. Diatom communities discriminated well among the sites (alkalophilic species versus halobiontic, acidobiontic and acidophilic species), showing inter-site differences to be larger than intra-site seasonal variations. In L. gibba exposed to AMD, necrosis and growth inhibition were higher in situ compared to the laboratory experiments. L. gibba was more sensitive to AMD than to acidified water. Already after 4 days, growth rate inhibition in L. gibba proved to be a reliable indicator of AMD-stress. Ecotoxicological thresholds obtained with L. gibba corresponded with those obtained previously with animals of intermediate tolerance to AMD. The results were summarised in a multimetric index.

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“…According to the causal principle (Schonfelder, 2000) this would provide an ambient environment that would favour the colonisation of diatoms that have ecological preferences for oligotrophic to mesotrophic water. The confluence of the Skeerpoort and the Magalies Rivers before Site M2 may be a contributing factor the good water quality noted at this site for low flow, as the Skeerpoort is known to have a good water quality and a high ecological integrity (RHP, 2005).…”

Section: Urban Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of land use on water quality and diatom community structures in urban and agriculturally stressed rivers

Walsh¹,

Wepener²

2009

WSA

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Epilithic diatom communities offer a holistic and integrated approach for assessing water quality as they remain in one place for a number of months and reflect an ecological memory of water quality over a period of time. The objective of this study is to use diatom assemblages to distinguish between particular land types and associated water quality impacts that are linked to these land-use patterns. Water quality and diatom community data were collected from sites in the Crocodile and Magalies Rivers (Gauteng and North West Province, South Africa) associated with agricultural, urban and natural (reference) adjacent land use respectively. The data collected were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques to analyse spatial and temporal patterns in water quality (principal component analysis) and diatom community structures (non-metric multidimensional scaling) to elucidate hypothesised differences in community structure per land-use type. Five diatom response indices (Generic Diatom Index, Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index, Biological Diatom Index, Eutrophication/Pollution Index and Percentage Pollution Tolerant Valves) incorporated in the OMNIDIA software were implemented to assess the integrity of diatom communities per land-use type. Principle component ordination of water quality describes 56.6% of the variation in data observed, and indicates the separation of reference sites from test sites for low and high flow conditions combined. It was, however, not possible to distinguish between the agricultural and urban land-use sites using PCA based on water quality data. One-way ANOSIM showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between reference groups, agricultural groups and urban groups, with no significant differences noted ( p > 0.05) between groups made up of sites exhibiting the same land-use patterns. Diatom indices showed that agricultural sites were in a slightly more modified ecological state than urban sites overall. Based on the species similarity (SIMPER analyses), reference sites showed strong associations with Achnanthes minutissima, Gomphonema venusta and Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, whilst urban sites were associated with Diatoma vulgaris, Navicula tripunctata and Amphora pediculus. Agriculture could be separated into high-and low-intensity practices based on species composition. Sites where high-intensity agriculture took place were dominated by motile species of the genus Nitzschia, and low-intensity agriculture was indicated by motile species of the genus Navicula. Urban sites contained a combination of species that were tolerant of spikes in water quality.

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Indikation der Gewässerbeschaffenheit durch Diatomeen

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii‐herbicide exposure using pollution‐induced community tolerance and species‐sensitivity distributions

Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii‐herbicide exposure using pollution‐induced community tolerance and species‐sensitivity distributions

Phytoassessment of acid mine drainage: Lemna gibba bioassay and diatom community structure

The influence of land use on water quality and diatom community structures in urban and agriculturally stressed rivers

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