Indirect photobiomodulation in functional networks

Liu, Timon Cheng-Yi; Zhu, Weiwei; Yang, Xiangbo

doi:10.1117/12.2000627

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Neira et al [10] in 2002 reported that low-level laser therapy could release stored fat in adipocytes by the opening of cell membraneassociated pores after a few minutes treatment. Caruso-Davis et al [11] confirmed the finding of Neira et al [10] in the investigation of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy for spot fat reduction and at the same time found that low-level laser irradiation over the waist could significantly reduce waist girth in healthy adults, which is a typical phenomenon of indirect photobiomodulation [12]. Acupoints of St 25 and Sp 15 are located in abdominal area with thicker fat at the level the umbilicus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Laser Acupuncture Reduces Body Fat in Obese Female Undergraduate Students

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

International Journal of Photoenergy

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacies of laser acupunctures with different laser irradiation doses for body weight loss and body fat reduction in obese persons. Twentyeight subjects with simple obesity were divided into four groups receiving laser acupunctures at 0, 358, 478, and 597 J/cm2, respectively, which were applied to the acupoints of Cv 8, St 25, and Sp 15, six times per week for four weeks. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percent, waist girth, hip girth, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured before and after treatment. The laser groups receiving 358 and 597 J/cm2showed significant reductions in BW, BMI, BFM, waist girth, hip girth, and WHR after treatment compared with the placebo group. The percent reductions of BFM in the laser groups receiving 358 and 597 J/cm2were 4.29% and 3.94%, respectively, and the corresponding values of BW were 1.99% and 1.63%, respectively. In conclusion, laser acupuncture could reduce body fat mass and lower body weight in a dose-dependent manner in obese persons. Among the doses of 358, 478, and 597 J/cm2, both the 358 and 597 J/cm2doses were effective in the 4-week trial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Laser Acupuncture Reduces Body Fat in Obese Female Undergraduate Students

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2012

International Journal of Photoenergy

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“…iPBM might be mediated by redundant pathways because successful ordinary stress is mediated by redundant pathways. In our C2C12 studies [13], The Fmax of C2C12 myoblasts in normal glucose is the normal proliferation, and its FmaxSH is nPlSH. We found that RLED at 640 nm promoted the normal proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts from 4 days on and IGF-1/FOXO3a (forkhead box O family 3a) was completely activated/inhibited.…”

Section: Indirect Photobiomodulationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Youk International Journal of Photoenergy found the growth rate peaked in glucose between 0.06% and 0.20%, which corresponded to the normal growth that resists the concentration change of glucose between 0.06% and 0.20% [10]. We also have found that these are the best concentrations of glucose, normal glucose, in which C2C12 cells proliferated in their optimal rate and between which there was no significant difference of the proliferation rate, and the low/high glucose whose concentration was lower/higher than the one of normal glucose, and in which the C2C12 cells proliferated in a rate lower than the optimal rate [11][12][13]. In other words, the C2C12 cell proliferation in normal glucose was a normal proliferation which resisted the concentration change in the normal glucose.…”

Section: Function-specific Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation on Stress

Liu

Enxiu

et al. 2012

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a nondamaged modulation of laser irradiation or monochromatic light (LI) on a biosystem function. It depends on whether the function is in its function-specific homeostasis (FSH). An FSH is a negative-feedback response of a biosystem to maintain the function-specific conditions inside the biosystem so that the function is perfectly performed. A function in its FSH is called a normal function. A function far from its FSH is called a dysfunctional function. The process of a function from dysfunctional to normal is called a functional normalization. For a normal function in its FSH, there are FSH-essential subfunctions (FESs), FSH-nonessential subfunctions (FNSs), and an FES/FNS-specific homeostasis (FESH/FNSH). A FSH can resist internal/external disturbances under the threshold, but can be disrupted by an FSH-specific stress (FSS). A normal/dysfunctional FSS is called a successful/chronic stress. An FESH/FNSH-specific stress was called an extraordinary/ordinary stress. A low level LI (LLL) cannot directly affect a normal function, but can modulate a chronic stress. A normal function may have a chronic ordinary stress, and an LLL may modulate the chronic ordinary stress so that it promotes the normalization of the dysfunctional FNS and then upgrades the normal function. A high level LI can modulate a normal function and may be a successful stress.

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“…1 Tumor growth is always normal. It is maintained by tumor growthessential/nonessential subfunctions.…”

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confidence: 99%