Indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water‐miscible organic solvents by salting‐out effect for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

A simple and low-cost method that indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents (ISDME) by salting-out effect before high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different samples. The ISDME is a combination of salting-out extraction of water-miscible organic solvent and directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME). Ninety-five microliters water-miscible organic solvent (1-propanol) was added to a 500-µL sample. A homogeneous solution was formed immediately. To produce a steady vortex at the top of the solution, the sample was agitated at 700 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. By the addition of ammonium sulfate (saturated solution) to the homogeneous solution, 1-propanol was separated and collected at the bottom of the steady vortex. Finally, 20 µL 1-propanol was injected into HPLC-UV. The effects of important parameters such as water-miscible organic solvent (type and volume), type of salt, and extraction time were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, the method has a good linear calibration range (0.1 µg/L-300 µg/L), coefficients of determination (R(2) > 0.998), low limits of detection (between 0.02 µg/L and 0.27 µg/L), and acceptable recovery (>85.0%).

The headspace solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples using silica fiber modified by self assembled gold nanoparticles

“…The results are summarized in Table 2. Finally, a comparison of this method with the reported methods (Table 4) demonstrates the feasibility of SPME fiber in terms of characteristic performance [2,[4][5][6]34]. Also, reproducibility studies were performed on three different fibers, and fiber-to-fiber RSDs at the concentration 50 and 200 ng mL -1 were in the range of 3.6-6.7%, while each of fiber can be used up to 20 experiments without considerable change in extraction efficiency (Table 3).…”

“…Finally, a comparison of this method with the reported methods (Table 4) demonstrates the feasibility of the SPME bers in terms of the characteristic performance. 2,[4][5][6]34 Analysis of real samples…”

Determination of volatile compounds in rose-water and fruit juices using indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents by the salting-out effect

“…The goal of this combined extraction method as previously mentioned by our group is eliminating the long extraction time of DSDME and easy collection of water-miscible organic solvents at a low volume (mL) without the use of a specic extraction device. 23 2 Materials and methods…”

Development of an indirectly suspended droplet for the extraction of hazardous phenols from environmental aqueous samples

“…27 In 2014, our research group introduced a novel version of LPME named indirectly suspended droplet microextraction (ISDME) of water-miscible organic solvents by using the saltingout effect. 28 In the ISDME method, the two above mentioned extraction techniques (DSDME and SHLLME) were combined in order to eliminate the long extraction time of DSDME and the difficulty of collecting the water-miscible organic solvent at a low volume in SHLLE. 25,26 In the present study, the ISDME method has been developed to achieve a high extraction recovery (ER) and enrichment factor (EF) and the quantitative determination of trace amounts of phenol, catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol in water samples.…”