Indium in cassiterite and ores of tin deposits

Pavlova, G. G.; Palessky, S. V.; Борисенко, А.С.; Владимиров, А. Г.; Seifert, Th.; Phan, Luu Anh

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.10.009

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Benzaazoua et al (2003), after an accurate study using multiple regression coefficients, determined a strong enrichment of indium in stannite group minerals. Recently, Pavlova et al (2015) reported an extend study of indium content in several deposits of Russia, Vietnam and Germany, in cassiterite and other tin minerals. They reported until 485 ppm of In in cassiterite, 100-25,000 ppm in sphalerite and up to 1,000 ppm in chalcopyrite, and, in the case of stannite, up to 60,000 ppm.…”

Section: Indium Mineralization In the Santa Fe Mining Districtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia

Jimenez-Franco

Alfonso

Canet

et al. 2018

andgeo

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The Santa Fe mining district is located in the Central Andean tin belt of Bolivia and contains several Sn-Zn-Pb-Ag deposits. From the economic point of view, the most important deposits of the district are Japo, Santa Fe and Morococala. Beyond the traditional metal commodities, the Central Andean Tin Belt could become an exploration target for indium, owing to the potential of the ore-bearing paragenesis with high concentrations of this technology-critical element. In the Santa Fe mining district, the ore occurs as two main types: (a) Sn-rich cassiterite-quartz veins, and (b) Zn-Pb-Ag veins with sphalerite, galena and stannite mineral phases. The In content in igneous rocks is between 1.5 and 2.5 ppm, whereas in the ore concentrate it attains up to 200 ppm. The 1,000×In/Zn ratio in concentrate ranges from 25 up to 4,000. Exceptionally high In values were found in sakuraiite from Morococala deposit (2.03 wt%). Sakuraiite in this deposit shows evidences for a link between stannite and kësterite trend of solid solutions. There is a noteworthy exploration potential for strategic metals in this district and even in similar deposits elsewhere in the Central Andean tin belt.

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Section: Indium Mineralization In the Santa Fe Mining Districtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia

Jimenez-Franco

Alfonso

Canet

et al. 2018

andgeo

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“…The distribution of certain potentially valuable trace elements (for example, In, Ga, Ge, or Sn) may be complex with the elements of interest occurring, at various concentrations, in sulphides, oxides, rock-forming silicates, and even accessory phases (e.g., [148] in the case of indium). LA-ICP-MS data can make a significant contribution to calculation of a quantitative mineralogical balance following extensive mineralogical work to understand prevailing assemblages, and ideally the sequence of ore-forming processes.…”

Section: Element Deportment Geometallurgy and Forensic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Analysis of Minerals in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ores by Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Approaches and Opportunities

et al. 2016

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Laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has rapidly established itself as the method of choice for generation of multi-element datasets for specific minerals, with broad applications in Earth science. Variation in absolute concentrations of different trace elements within common, widely distributed phases, such as pyrite, iron-oxides (magnetite and hematite), and key accessory minerals, such as apatite and titanite, can be particularly valuable for understanding processes of ore formation, and when trace element distributions vary systematically within a mineral system, for a vector approach in mineral exploration. LA-ICP-MS trace element data can assist in element deportment and geometallurgical studies, providing proof of which minerals host key elements of economic relevance, or elements that are deleterious to various metallurgical processes. This contribution reviews recent advances in LA-ICP-MS methodology, reference standards, the application of the method to new mineral matrices, outstanding analytical uncertainties that impact on the quality and usefulness of trace element data, and future applications of the technique. We illustrate how data interpretation is highly dependent on an adequate understanding of prevailing mineral textures, geological history, and in some cases, crystal structure.

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“…High concentrations of In have been described in sphalerite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, stannite, tennantite, and tin sulfosalts [14]. Indium is not exploited as a primary commodity, but rather as a co-product or by-product of base metals, chiefly in zinc [15][16][17][18][19], but also in tin [20] and copper [21] ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Mineralization in the Volcanic Dome-Hosted Ánimas–Chocaya–Siete Suyos Polymetallic Deposit, Potosí, Bolivia

et al. 2019

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A volcanic dome complex of Miocene age hosts the In-bearing Ánimas–Chocaya–Siete Suyos district in SW Bolivia. Ore mineralization occurs as banded and massive infillings in sub-vertical, NE-SW striking veins. In this article, a detailed petrographic study is combined with in situ mineral geochemistry determinations in ore from the Arturo, Chorro and Diez veins in the Siete Suyos mine, the Ánimas, Burton, Colorada, and Rosario veins in the Ánimas mine and the Nueva vein in the Chocaya mine. A three-stage paragenetic sequence is roughly determined for all of them, and includes (1) an early low-sulfidation stage that is dominated by cassiterite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and high-Fe sphalerite (FeS > 21 mol. %); (2) a second intermediate-sulfidation stage dominated by pyrite + marcasite ± intermediate product, sphalerite (FeS < 21 mol. %), stannite, and local famatinite; and, (3) a late intermediate-sulfidation stage dominated by galena and Ag-Pb-Sn sulfosalts. Electron-probe microanalyses reveal high indium enrichment in stage-2 sphalerite (up to 9.66 wt.% In) and stannite (up to 4.11 wt.% In), and a moderate enrichment in rare wurtzite (up to 1.61 wt.% In), stage-1 sphalerite (0.35 wt.% In), cassiterite (up to 0.25 wt.% In2O3), and ramdohrite (up to 0.24 wt.% In). Therefore, the main indium mineralization in the district can be associated to the second, intermediate-sulfidation stage, chiefly in those veins in which sphalerite and stannite are more abundant. Atomic concentrations of In and Cu in sphalerite yield a positive correlation at Cu/In = 1 that agrees with a (Cu+ + In3+) 2Zn2+ coupled substitution. The availability of Cu in the mineralizing fluids during the crystallization of sphalerite is, in consequence, essential for the incorporation of indium in its crystal lattice and would control the distribution of indium enrichment at different scales. The highest concentrations of indium in sphalerite, which is found in the Diez vein in the Siete Suyos mine, occur in crustiform bands of sphalerite with local “chalcopyrite disease” texture, which has not been observed in the other studied veins. In stannite, the atomic concentrations of In are negatively correlated with those of Cu and Sn at Cu + In = 2 and Sn + In = 1. Thus, atomic proportions and correlations suggest the contextualization of the main indium mineralization in the sphalerite–stannite–roquesite pseudoternary system.

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Indium in cassiterite and ores of tin deposits

Cited by 57 publications

References 52 publications

Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia

Mineral chemistry of In-bearing minerals in the Santa Fe mining district, Bolivia

Trace Element Analysis of Minerals in Magmatic-Hydrothermal Ores by Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Approaches and Opportunities

Indium Mineralization in the Volcanic Dome-Hosted Ánimas–Chocaya–Siete Suyos Polymetallic Deposit, Potosí, Bolivia

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