Individual and combined effects of Aflatoxin B 1 , Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cell lines

Zhou, Hongyuan; George, Saji; Hay, Crystal; Lee, Joel; Qian, He; Sun, Xiulan

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.017

Cited by 75 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The most common events of co-occurrence for samples with n = 2 toxins occurring simultaneously were FB 1 + FB 2 (n = 14/25, 56.00%) and FB 2 + AFG 2 (n = 5/25, 20.00%) ( Table 6). Additive cytotoxic effects have already been reported in the presence of two or more mycotoxins (Fernandez-Blanco et al 2018;Zhou et al 2017). Similarly enniatin B has demonstrated adverse effects and changes in gene expression over different cell lines (Jonsson et al 2016;Manyes et al 2018).…”

Section: Mycotoxin Co-occurrencementioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

et al. 2019

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Background: When present in animal feedstuff, mycotoxins contaminants and antibiotic residues can have negative implications for animal production and Public Health, including the transmission of carcinogenic compounds and the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, respectively. So far there are no available methods in which both mycotoxins and antibiotic residues are analyzed using a parallel extraction approach. To address this issue, we developed a LC/MS methodology with high sensitivity (0.005 to 6.42 and 24.55 to 132.73 μg kg − 1 for mycotoxins and antimicrobials) and specificity (unique target ion mass/charge) that allows the detection of 26 mycotoxins and 23 antibiotic residues in animal feedstuff and validated it through the determination of these analytes in 294 animal feed and feed ingredient samples in the framework of a country-wide surveillance program. Two hundred and five of these samples were analyzed for mycotoxins and 89 for antibiotics. Findings: Fumonisin was the most frequently toxin found, with FB 1 and FB 2 presenting prevalences of 50 and 52% and maximum concentrations of 14,927.61 and 8646.67 μg kg − 1 , respectively. Other toxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol n = 4/101 (3.96%), fusarenon-X n = 2/101 (1.98%), citrinin n = 2 (1.98%), and patulin n = 1 (0.99%) were rarely found. Toxicologically relevant concentrations of toxin metabolites, such as HT-2 (6.38-485.49 μg kg − 1) and 3−/15acetoxydeoxynivalenol (877.89-3236.56/5.44-1685.3 μg kg − 1), were also found. Few samples exceeded threshold mycotoxin concentrations defined in current EU guidelines. Dairy cattle and swine feeds included the higher number of samples exceeding guideline values (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). From the total of samples analysed for antibiotics, 7.7% (n = 7/89) were classified as medicated for poultry and pigs. Unexpectedly, 57% of these medicated samples contained no detectable antibiotics (n = 4/7). The remaining 43% of the samples (n = 3/7) presented inconsistencies regarding the concentration of analytes declared on the labels or the antibiotics found. Likewise 74.6% (n = 50/67) of the non-medicated feed samples analyzed had antibiotic residues. Additionally, we analyzed commercial monensin standards for purity and evaluate batch-to-batch flushing feed industry practices. Conclusions: Herein we report the results for a year-wide analysis for mycotoxins and antibiotics in feed samples. Mycotoxins, several metabolites, and the occurrence of these emerging contaminants were evaluated and antibiotic residues in non-medicated feed samples were found using a targeted MS-based LC approach. This validated multianalyte method is expected to facilitate the monitoring and surveillance of contaminants, from natural and anthropogenic origin, in animal feed.

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Section: Mycotoxin Co-occurrencementioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

et al. 2019

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“…ZEA has a structure which allows it to bind to the mammalian estrogen receptor, although with lower affinity compared to the natural-occurring estrogens (Hueza et al, 2014 ). Besides, ZEA has also been shown to be hepatotoxic, haematotoxic, immunotoxic and genotoxic (Zhou et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota

Liew

Sabran

2018

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

337

195

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The secondary metabolites produced by fungi known as mycotoxins, are capable of causing mycotoxicosis (diseases and death) in human and animals. Contamination of feedstuffs as well as food commodities by fungi occurs frequently in a natural manner and is accompanied by the presence of mycotoxins. The occurrence of mycotoxins' contamination is further stimulated by the on-going global warming as reflected in some findings. This review comprehensively discussed the role of mycotoxins (trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and aflatoxins) toward gut health and gut microbiota. Certainly, mycotoxins cause perturbation in the gut, particularly in the intestinal epithelial. Recent insights have generated an entirely new perspective where there is a bi-directional relationship exists between mycotoxins and gut microbiota, thus suggesting that our gut microbiota might be involved in the development of mycotoxicosis. The bacteria–xenobiotic interplay for the host is highlighted in this review article. It is now well established that a healthy gut microbiota is largely responsible for the overall health of the host. Findings revealed that the gut microbiota is capable of eliminating mycotoxin from the host naturally, provided that the host is healthy with a balance gut microbiota. Moreover, mycotoxins have been demonstrated for modulation of gut microbiota composition, and such alteration in gut microbiota can be observed up to species level in some of the studies. Most, if not all, of the reported effects of mycotoxins, are negative in terms of intestinal health, where beneficial bacteria are eliminated accompanied by an increase of the gut pathogen. The interactions between gut microbiota and mycotoxins have a significant role in the development of mycotoxicosis, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma. Such knowledge potentially drives the development of novel and innovative strategies for the prevention and therapy of mycotoxin contamination and mycotoxicosis.

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“…Similarly to Loewe's additivity model, the isobologram can be constructed. The Chou-Talalay model combined with an isobologram has been applied in the majority of the recently published studies [39,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] listed in Table 2. Its great advantage is the recent development of a method for the estimation of confidence intervals for the combination index which enables the application of statistics [66].…”

Section: Chou and Talalay's Median Effect Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effect of Mycotoxin Combinations: Which Mathematical Model Is (the Most) Appropriate?

Kifer

Jakšić

Klarić

2020

Toxins

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In the past decades, many studies have examined the nature of the interaction between mycotoxins in biological models classifying interaction effects as antagonisms, additive effects, or synergisms based on a comparison of the observed effect with the expected effect of combination. Among several described mathematical models, the arithmetic definition of additivity and factorial analysis of variance were the most commonly used in mycotoxicology. These models are incorrectly based on the assumption that mycotoxin dose-effect curves are linear. More appropriate mathematical models for assessing mycotoxin interactions include Bliss independence, Loewe’s additivity law, combination index, and isobologram analysis, Chou-Talalays median-effect approach, response surface, code for the identification of synergism numerically efficient (CISNE) and MixLow method. However, it seems that neither model is ideal. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these mathematical models.

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Individual and combined effects of Aflatoxin B 1 , Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cell lines

Cited by 75 publications

References 47 publications

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

Mycotoxin: Its Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota

Assessing the Effect of Mycotoxin Combinations: Which Mathematical Model Is (the Most) Appropriate?

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