Individual and Combined Effects of the Fusarium Mycotoxins Fumonisin B₁and Moniliformin in Broiler Chicks

Abstract

The individual and combined effects of feeding fumonisin B1 (FB1; 0, 100, 200 mg FB1/kg) and moniliformin (M; 0, 100, 200 mg M/kg) were evaluated using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Significant mortality (P < 0.05) occurred in chicks fed all diets containing 200 mg M/kg (50%-65%). Compared with controls and chicks fed FB1, both feed intake and body weight gain were decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed diets containing 100 mg M/kg. Chicks fed M had heavier heart weights (P < 0.05) than control chicks or chicks fed FB1. Compared with controls, chicks fed diets containing 200 mg M/kg or a combination of 200 mg FB1/kg and 100 mg M/kg had increased kidney and liver weights (P < 0.05). Significant FB1 by M interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for serum total protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Mild to moderate periportal extramedullary hematopoiesis and mild focal hepatic necrosis were observed in chicks fed FB1 alone. An increased incidence of large pleomorphic cardiomyocyte nuclei, loss of cardiomyocytes, and mild focal renal tubular mineralization were observed in chicks fed M alone. Both cardiac and renal lesions were observed in chicks fed combinations of FB1 and M. Data indicate FB1 and M, alone or in combination, can adversely affect chick performance and health at these dietary concentrations. The interactive effects of FB1 and M were not synergistic and were less than additive in nature. At the dietary concentrations studied, M is much more toxic to broilers than FB1.

Risk assessment of Fusarium mycotoxins in Lithuanian small cereal grains

“…The extent of the risk of feed/food co-contamination with several mycotoxins depends on the level and kind of mycotoxins, the animal kind, animal/human age and the health status, feature or organ assessed, and mycotoxins interactions can be additive, synergistic or antagonistic (Boeira, Bryce, Stewart, & Flannigan, 2000;Diaz, Squires, Julian, & Boermans, 1994;Huff, Harvey, Kubena & Rottinghaus, 1998;Kubena et al, 1997;Ledoux, Broomhead, Bermudez, & Rottinghaus, 2003;Malekinejad et al, 2007;Placinta, D'Mello, & Macdonald, 1999;Speijers & Speijers, 2004;Tajima, Schoen, Feron, & Groten, 2002). Therefore it is not possible to define safe levels of mycotoxins.…”

Effect of fumonisins on macrophage immune functions and gene expression of cytokines in broilers

“…Li et al (1999) have suggested that FB 1 is immunosuppressive in chicks when present in the ration at 200 mg FB 1 /kg diet. Moreover, combination of FB 1 and moniliforme at dosage of 200 mg/kg also induced a significant mortality, mild to moderate periportal extramedullary haematopoiesis and mild focal hepatic necrosis has been observed in chicks fed FB 1 alone (Ledoux et al 2003). There is clear evidence that fumonisins in feed or food cause animal mycotoxicosis.…”

Mycotoxins that Affect the Human Cardiovascular System

“…The individual and combined effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and moniliformin were studied in broiler chicks. The interactive effects of moniliformin and fumonisins were not synergistic; moniliformin was much more toxic to broilers than FB1 [98].…”