Effect of fumonisins on macrophage immune functions and gene expression of cytokines in broilers

Abstract

Fumonisin (FB 1 ), a mycotoxin, is produced by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum. A prevalence survey in Taiwan by our laboratory showed that there was a contamination rate of 40% in domestic animal feeds, and the average contaminated level was 4.5 mg/kg. Ninety-six birds were allotted into four treatments fed with diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of FB 1 for three weeks. The results showed that the growth performance was not influenced by the FB 1 challenge, but relative bursa weight was significantly decreased. The activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase, and the serum levels of albumin and cholesterol were significantly elevated by the FB 1 challenges. When broilers were stimulated with injection of lipopolysaccharides, mRNA abundance (determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR) interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-2, interferon-a (IFN-a), IFN-g, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) reached a plateau at 3 h, and declined at 6 h. A FB 1 challenge for three weeks increased cytokine mRNA abundance in broilers. The results also showed that 15 mg FB 1 per kg feed significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1b, IL-2, IFN-a, IFN-g, but had no effect on iNOS. The macrophage functional profile was significantly changed under an exposure of 15 mg FB 1 per kg for three weeks. Taken together, our results suggest that FB 1 up to 15 mg/kg does not affect growth performance, but impairs some parameters of blood biochemistry and the immunocompetence in broilers.

The Effects of Royal Jelly Against Radiation-Induced Acute Oral Mucositis.

“…Several reports in the literature have demonstrated the immunomodulatory properties of RJ. 16,17,21 Cheng et al 29 ) reported that RJ is effective against the hematopoietic dysfunction observed in X-irradiated mice and that is also promotes macrophage activity and hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. According to Sver et al 30 RJ stimulates antibody production and the proliferation of immunocompetent cells in mice and depresses humoral immune functions in rats.…”

Fumonisins: oxidative stress-mediated toxicity and metabolism in vivo and in vitro

“…FB 1 modulates immunity in animals, and it has immunocytotoxic effects by increasing IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA levels in the spleen of Balb/c mice together with the decrease in mRNA levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α compared with controls (Abbes et al 2015). Similarly, FB 1 could significantly inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-α and IFN-γ when broilers were exposed to 15 mg FB 1 per kg for 3 weeks (Cheng et al 2006). Together with AFB 1 or not, FB 1 increased levels of IL-4 and decreased levels of IL-10 in spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) in both in vivo and in vitro studies (Theumer et al 2002(Theumer et al , 2003.…”

“…However, to date, there has been no generation of RNS reported in the study of FB 1 . When birds were fed diets containing FB 1 (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) for 3 weeks, 15 mg FB 1 /kg feed had no effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Cheng et al 2006). …”

“…In Iran, the natural occurrences of FB 1 , FB 2 and FB 3 were 68.2, 42.6 and 31.7 %, respectively (Sorensen et al 2009). A prevalence survey in Taiwan showed that there was a contamination rate of 40 % in domestic animal feeds, and the average contaminated level was 4.5 mg/kg (Cheng et al 2006).…”

An Assay in Microtitre Plates for Absolute Abundance of Chicken Interferon Alpha Transcripts

“…Concerning mycoplasma, we have preliminary evidence that mycoplasma suppresses interferon gene expression in chickens (unpublished observations). The fumonosin mycotoxins have been also reported to suppress ChIFN-α transcription (Cheng et al 2006).…”