Individual and Group Levels of Aspiration

Zander, Alvin; Medow, Herman

doi:10.1177/001872676301600105

Cited by 69 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first reflects the problem's centrality to the phenomenon begin examined. Festinger (1980) describes Lewin and his students' initial research on group dynamics as being focused on such problems as group cohesion (Back, 1951;French, 1941), pressures toward uniformity (Festinger, Schachter, & Back, 1950;Schachter, 1951), and individual level of aspiration (Festinger, 1942; later extended to groups goals and aspirations; Horwitz, 1954;Zander & Medow, 1963). Each of these constructs related to uncovering and understanding the central dynamics of how effective collective action occurred.…”

Section: Lewin's Action Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis

Zaccaro

Horn

2003

The Leadership Quarterly

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Lewin's Action Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis

Zaccaro

Horn

2003

The Leadership Quarterly

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although his focus was on self-ef®cacy, Bandura (1982Bandura ( , 1986Bandura ( , 1997 was among the ®rst to suggest that performance beliefs exist at other levels of analysis. Following Bandura's initial conceptualization, researchers have empirically established that group ef®cacy is a meaningful and measurable team attribute with important implications for team effectiveness (Campion et al, 1993;Earley, 1993;Guzzo et al, 1993;Zander and Medow, 1963). Several studies have demonstrated that group ef®cacy is distinct from the individual beliefs group members hold about themselves or the group, because group ef®cacy arises through group interaction and the process of collective cognition (Earley, 1999;Gibson et al, 2000;Parker, 1994).…”

Section: Group Ef®cacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group ef®cacy was measured with a 5-item survey developed based on the recommendations provided by researchers constructing measures of group ef®cacy (Gibson et al, 2000;Gist, 1987;Guzzo et al, 1993;Zander and Medow, 1963). This measure is a true group-level index and best re¯ects the 798 C. B. GIBSON collaborative process through which group ef®cacy is formed and operates.…”

Section: Group Ef®cacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Me and us: differential relationships among goal‐setting training, efficacy and effectiveness at the individual and team level

Gibson

2001

J Organ Behavior

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryEf®cacy-effectiveness relationships were examined for individual nurses and nursing teams who were either trained or untrained in goal-setting. At the individual level, positive direct relationships were demonstrated between self-ef®cacy and effectiveness, between training and subsequent self-ef®cacy, and between training and effectiveness. Initial self-ef®cacy also moderated the training-effectiveness relationship. Nurses low in initial self-ef®cacy realized greater effectiveness gains from the training than did nurses high in initial self-ef®cacy. At the team level, group ef®cacy was related to effectiveness, and training was related to subsequent group ef®cacy, but training was not related to effectiveness, and there were no moderation effects for initial group ef®cacy. Collective cognition and behavioral plasticity are potential explanations for different effects at the individual and team level and avenues for theory development and future research.

show abstract

“…However, ~s' evaluation of the various teams, their own team, the DC team, and the SC team, offers insight into possible coping behavior (Zander & Medow, 1963). Coping behavior is any attempt to save face…”

Section: <1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-ethnic group competition and levels of aspiration.

Yackley¹,

Lambert²

1971

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study examines cultural variations of aspirations in a competitive situation, uaing 9-ll-year-old French Canadian (PC) snd English Canadian (BC) boys fram similar social c1ass backsrounds who were assigned to team8 for a table hockey tournament. Teams were camposed . solely of either FCa or BCs. Ba ch team played two other teams, one comprising members of the same culture (SC) and another of players from the different culture (DC).It was found that (a) FC ls have generally higher aspirations i.e., they expect to score more points, than BC ls when competing against bath DC a·nd SC tesms; and (b) FC ls have highest aspirations specifically when competing against DC li.e., BC) teams. These aspira-,tions not only appeared to be unrealistlc but proved to be so in light of actual performance in competition. One explanation relates social evaluation theory, as developed by Pettigrew, to level of aspiration studies_ lt is argued that FCs in contrast to BCa feel "relatively deprived," inducins them to over emphasize affective ra ther than cognitive factors When settins aspirations. The generally hisher aspirations of Fes were discus8~d in terme of childrearing vaiuesand practices (e.s-, the greater father dominance of FC families) and Boctétal influences which discourase the development of need achievement. Finally, my supervisor, Dr. Wallace E. Lambert. Usually, supervisors are acknowledged for their patience and kindness, which is not at all lacking in this case. However, writing a thesis can be a lonesome affair, when one realizes that few others will ever read it. There is a great deal of comfort in knowing that another has reviewed all your effort and given frank criticisms of its weak and strong points. It would be difficult to find a better reviewer of one's work.

show abstract

Individual and Group Levels of Aspiration

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis

Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis

Me and us: differential relationships among goal‐setting training, efficacy and effectiveness at the individual and team level

Inter-ethnic group competition and levels of aspiration.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About