Individual and societal impact on earnings associated with serious mental illness in metropolitan China

Lee, Sing; Tsang, Adley; Huang, Yueqin; Liu, Zhaorui; Zhang, Mingyuan; Shen, Yucun; Kessler, Ronald C.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The barriers to depression care in China are becoming increasingly well described with regards to patient, societal and health system influences. Persons suffering from depression tend to avoid seeking treatment due to: poor general health literacy and depression-specific awareness; traditional cultural values of “face” and the fear of stigma [16–18]; perceived high cost of healthcare, inequitable insurance coverage and concerns about the impact of poor health on employment opportunities [19–21]; and low level of trust in and respect for doctors’ treatment abilities [22–24]. At the health system level, doctors are in short supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current needs for the improved management of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres, Shenzhen, China: a view from primary care medical leaders

Searle

Blashki

Kakuma

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Background: The prevalence of depressive disorder in Shenzhen is higher than for any other city in China. Despite national health system reform to integrate mental health into primary care, the majority of depression cases continue to go unrecognized and untreated. Qualitative research was conducted with primary care medical leaders to describe the current clinical practice of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres (CHC) in Shenzhen and to explore the participants' perceptions of psychological, organizational and societal barriers and enablers to current practice with a view to identifying current needs for the improved care of depressive disorder in the community. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews (approx. 1 h long) were conducted in Melbourne (n = 7) and Shenzhen (n = 10) with a convenience sample of primary care medical leaders who currently work in community healthcare centres (CHC) in Shenzhen and completed any one of the 3-month long, Melbourne-based, "Monash-Shenzhen Primary Healthcare Leaders Programs" conducted between 2015 and 2017. The interview guide was developed using the Theoretical Domain's Framework (TDF) and a directed content analysis (using Nvivo 11 software) was performed using English translations. Results: Despite primary care medical leaders being aware of a mental health treatment gap and the benefits of early depression care for community wellbeing, depressive disorder was not perceived as a treatment priority in CHCs. Instead, hospital specialists were identified as holding primary responsibility for formal diagnosis and treatment initiation with primary care doctors providing early assessment and basic health education. Current needs for improved depression care included: (i) Improved professional development for primary care doctors with better access to diagnostic guidelines and tools, case-sharing and improved connection with mentors to overcome current low levels of treatment confidence. (ii) An improved consulting environment (e.g. allocated mental health resource; longer and private consultations; developed medical referral system; better access to antidepressants) which embraces mental health initiatives (e.g. development of mental health departments in local hospitals; future use of e-mental health; reimbursement for patients; doctors' incentives). (iii) Improved health literacy to overcome substantive mental health stigma in society and specific stigma directed towards the only public psychiatric hospital. Conclusions: Whilst a multi-faceted approach is needed to improve depression care in community health centres in Shenzhen, this study highlights how appropriate mental health training is central to developing a robust workforce which can act as key agents in national healthcare reform. The cultural adaption of the depression component of the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current needs for the improved management of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres, Shenzhen, China: a view from primary care medical leaders

Searle

Blashki

Kakuma

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Over half of these costs (55 percent) will be incurred in high-income countries, amounting to about $450 billion annually (ibid.). The economic cost or earnings losses associated with mental health disorders have been estimated for a number of countries, including France (Chevreul et al, 2013), Spain (Barbaglia et al, 2012), China (Lee et al, 2010), and the United States (Kessler et al, 2008), as well as for Europe as a whole (Wittchen et al, 2011). Cost estimates such as these include medical and opportunity costs, and they can be obtained through one of three approaches (Thomas, 2008): (1) direct and indirect cost of illness estimates; (2) value of lost output or lowered economic growth; and (3) value of a statistical life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mental Health on US County Economic Growth

Davlasheridze¹,

Goetz²,

Han³

2018

Review of Regional Studies

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Poor mental health creates significant economic costs, in addition to human suffering, and is a growing world-wide concern, especially with an aging population. To estimate the cost of this disease in the U.S., we adopt a conventional economic growth model and include the number of poor mental health days (PMHD) as a right-hand side variable. Controlling for various county-level variables associated with income growth, our results suggest that one additional PMHD is associated with a 1.84 percentage point lower per capita real income growth rate, or $53 billion less total annual income, across the U.S. between 2008 and 2014. This effect is in addition to the income losses associated with the Great Recession.

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“…And when a woman with depression gets a job, her annual income is, on average, up to 50% lower. Lee et al [5], Frank and Gertler [6], Cseh [7], and Jofre-Bonet et al [8], among others, also noted that, on average, depression leads to lower earnings. Moreover, the social cost of depression is significantly high [2,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Conditions and Risk of Mental Depression: An Empirical Analysis for Brazilian Citizens

Santos

Kawamura

Kassouf

2012

Economics Research International

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The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is any relationship between socioeconomic factors and mental depression, specifically in connection with family income and education. Our empirical model was estimated using the database of three National Household Sampling Surveys (1998, 2003, and 2008) and their special supplements on the health status of the Brazilian population. Analyses for men and women were conducted separately. Family income proved to be a protective factor against depression for both men and women. With regard to the effects of education, the estimates indicate that the maximum risk of depression occurs when women have approximately four years of schooling and men have about eight. Above these levels, the risk decreases as schooling years increase.

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Individual and societal impact on earnings associated with serious mental illness in metropolitan China

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Current needs for the improved management of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres, Shenzhen, China: a view from primary care medical leaders

Current needs for the improved management of depressive disorder in community healthcare centres, Shenzhen, China: a view from primary care medical leaders

The Effect of Mental Health on US County Economic Growth

Socioeconomic Conditions and Risk of Mental Depression: An Empirical Analysis for Brazilian Citizens

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