Individual behavioral variation in predator–prey models

Okuyama, Toshinori

doi:10.1007/s11284-007-0425-5

Cited by 65 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A modest number of theoretical studies have investigated how intraspecific trait variation affects population dynamics [31][32][33][34], interspecific competition [35][36][37], and predator-prey or host-parasitoid systems [38][39][40]. These studies consider variation in diverse traits, including (1) traditional phenotypes like size or morphology; (2) emergent traits like competitive ability [41], prey attack rate [39], or vulnerability to enemies [42]; and (3) fitness-related traits like fecundity or survival [33].…”

Section: Ecological Consequences Of Trait Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology

Bolnick¹,

Amarasekare²,

Araújo³

et al. 2011

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

1,976

2,073

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Natural populations consist of phenotypically diverse individuals that exhibit variation in their demographic parameters and intra-and interspecific interactions. Recent experimental work suggests that such variation can have significant ecological effects. However, ecological models typically disregard this variation and focus instead on trait means and total population density. Under what situations is this simplification appropriate? Why might intraspecific variation alter ecological dynamics? In this review, we synthesize recent theory, identifying six general mechanisms by which trait variation changes the outcome of ecological interactions. These include several direct effects of trait variation per se, and indirect effects arising from genetic variation's role in trait evolution.

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Section: Ecological Consequences Of Trait Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) is concave with respect to a, variation in attack rates will lower overall predation pressure (Fig. 1a), potentially preventing predator-prey oscillations [38].…”

Section: Why Does Intraspecific Variation Affect Ecological Dynamics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology

Bolnick¹,

Amarasekare²,

Araújo³

et al. 2011

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

1,976

2,073

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, the ecological implications of consistent differences in resource or habitat selection at the individual or population level remain unclear . However, such differences are likely to affect the conclusions of population dynamics models (as does individual consumer behaviour or trait variation; Okuyama 2008, Schreiber et al 2011. Indeed, individual specialisation can affect interactions between individuals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for detecting and quantifying individual specialisation in movement and foraging strategies of marine predators

Carneiro¹,

Bonnet‐Lebrun²,

Manica³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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There is increasing realisation that individuals in many animal populations differ substantially in resource, space or habitat use. Differences that cannot be attributed to any a priori way of classifying individuals (i.e. age, sex and other group effects) are often termed 'individual specialisation'. The aim of this paper is to assess the most common approaches for detecting and quantifying individual specialisation and consistencies in foraging behaviour, movement patterns and diet of marine predators using 3 types of data: conventional diet data, stable isotope ratios and tracking data. Methods using conventional diet data rely on a comparison between the proportions of each dietary source in the total diet and in the diet of individuals, or analyses of the statistical distribution of a prey metric (e.g. size); the latter often involves comparing ratios of individual and population variance. Approaches frequently used to analyse stable isotope or tracking data reduced to 1 dimension (trip characteristics, e.g. maximum trip distance or latitude/longitude at certain landmarks) include correlation tests and repeatability analysis. Finally, various spatial analyses are applied to other types of tracking data (e.g. distances between centroids of distributions or migratory routes, or overlap between distributions), and methods exist to compare habitat use. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, issues arising from other effects unrelated to individual specialisation per se (in particular those related to temporal scale) and potential solutions.

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“…Because a type II functional response is concave up in h, ignoring the variance in h always leads to underestimation of the predation rate because of Jensen's inequality (Okuyama 2008), and the density-dependent variance creates a new density-dependent interaction between the predator and prey even if the handling time is density-independent in expectation. Such hidden density dependence can significantly (de)stabilize communities and can only be uncovered by examining individual variation (Okuyama 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal foraging behavior with an explicit consideration of within-individual behavioral variation: an example of predation

Okuyama

2015

Evol Ecol

Self Cite

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Animal behavior is flexible, and the same individual can exhibit variable expressions under the equivalent ecological situations (i.e., within-individual behavioral variation). This study examines the evolution of within-individual behavioral variation using an individual-based model. A common predation scenario is considered where a predator spends a period h to handle and consume a captured prey. The model assumes the handling time of the predator to be a random variable. The average and within-individual variance of handling time are described by l h and r 2 h , respectively, where each individual has its own unique l h and r 2 h . Using a genetic algorithm, the evolution of r 2 h is traced. The results show that natural selection acts on both l h and r 2 h , and the optimal behavioral variation depends on the density of prey. In particular, individuals with high behavioral variance r 2 h are more likely selected when prey density is low. Individual based modeling can be a useful tool for studying the ultimate significance of within-individual behavioral variation and generating empirically testable predictions. The mechanisms of the evolution of within-individual behavioral variation and their ecological implications are discussed.

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Individual behavioral variation in predator–prey models

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology

Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology

Methods for detecting and quantifying individual specialisation in movement and foraging strategies of marine predators

Optimal foraging behavior with an explicit consideration of within-individual behavioral variation: an example of predation

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