Individual differences fill the uncharted intersections between cognitive structure, flexibility, and plasticity in multitasking.

Broeker, Laura; Brüning, Jovita; Fandakova, Yana; Khosravani, Neda; Kiesel, Andrea; Kubik, Veit; Kübler, Sebastian; Manzey, Dietrich; Monno, Irina; Raab, Markus; Schubert, Torsten

doi:10.1037/rev0000376

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Finally, this study also demonstrated that the impact of dual-task manipulations on participants is correlated within individual participants, with participants showing internal consistency in their respective abilities to integrate motor and cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, there exists little work about individual differences in dual-task performance, although there are some notable exceptions in work examining dual-task abilities in children and as a function of aging in the elderly ( Verhaeghen et al, 2003 ; Wollesen and Voelcker-Rehage, 2014 ; Brustio et al, 2017 ), and in some studies with adults ( Brüning and Manzey, 2018 ; Brüning et al, 2020 ), please see a recent review and synthesis by Broeker et al (2022) . And for the handful of studies that have investigated this question, the focus has been on questions such as whether performance on individual task components predicts performance in a multicomponent test ( Lansman and Hunt, 1981 , 1982 ), the role of cognitive style on dual-task performance ( Nishizaki and Osaka, 2006 ), and whether differences in participants’ response strategies predicts dual-task performance ( Damos and Smist, 1980 ; Damos et al, 1983 ; Damos, 1984 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-task interference as a function of varying motor and cognitive demands

2022

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Multitasking is a critical feature of our daily lives. Using a dual-task paradigm, this experiment explored adults’ abilities to simultaneously engage in everyday motor and cognitive activities, counting while walking, under conditions varying the difficulty of each of these tasks. Motor difficulty was manipulated by having participants walk forward versus backward, and cognitive difficulty was manipulated by having participants count forward versus backward, employing either a serial 2 s or serial 3 s task. All of these manipulations were performed in single-task conditions (walk only, count only) and dual-task conditions (walk and count simultaneously). Both motor performance variables (cycle time, stride length, walking velocity) and cognitive variables (counting fluency, counting accuracy) were assessed in these conditions. Analyses of single-task conditions revealed that both motor and cognitive manipulations predictably influenced performance. Analyses of dual-task performance revealed influences of motor and cognitive factors on both motor and cognitive performance. Most centrally, dual-task costs (normalized difference between single- and dual-task conditions) for motor variables revealed that such costs occurred primarily for temporal or spatiotemporal gait parameters (cycle time, walking velocity) and were driven by cognitive manipulations. Dual-task cost analyses for cognitive measures revealed negative dual-task costs, or dual-task benefits, for cognitive performance. Finally, the effects of dual-task manipulations were correlated for motor and cognitive measures, indicating dual-task performance as a significant individual difference variable. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of attentional allocation, as well as the possible role of auditory–motor entrainment in dual-task conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-task interference as a function of varying motor and cognitive demands

2022

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“…For example, people are engaged in a conversation while walking, or they try to remember their grocery shopping list while riding their bicycle. Performing a cognitive and a motor task concurrently often leads to performance decrements (for reviews, see Schaefer, 2014;Koch et al, 2018;Broeker et al, 2022). Classic accounts on the nature of such deficits either propose a limited central resource that has to be shared between the two tasks (Kahneman, 1973), a limited pool of processing resources (Wickens, 2008), or processing stages that can only be operated sequentially by each task (Pashler, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual interference between memory encoding and motor skills: the influence of motor expertise

Monz,

Morbe,

Klein

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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In cognitive–motor dual-task situations, the extent of performance decrements is influenced by the attentional requirements of each task. Well-learned motor skills should be automatized, leading to less interference. This study presents two studies combining an episodic memory encoding task with well-practiced motor tasks in athletes. Study 1 asked 40 rowers (early teenagers to middle adulthood) to row on ergometers at slow or fast speeds. In study 2, Taekwondo athletes (n = 37) of different skill levels performed a well-practiced sequence of martial arts movements. Performing the motor task during encoding led to pronounced performance reductions in memory in both studies, with costs of up to 80%. Cognitive costs were even larger when rowing with the fast compared to the slow speed in study 1. Both studies also revealed decrements in motor performances under dual-task conditions: Rowing became slower and more irregular (study 1), and the quality of the Taekwondo performance was reduced. Although higher-level athletes outperformed others in motor skills under single-task conditions, proportional dual-task costs were similar across skill levels for most domains. This indicates that even well-practiced motor tasks require cognitive resources.

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“…After all, the high intensity of the fight requires boxers to maximize the mobilization of psycho-emotional and functional resources. It is known that the functional state of the athlete's body reflects an integrated set of characteristics of the athlete, which are responsible for the effectiveness of training and competitive activities [6,7]. Among the factors of the functional state of the qualified wrestler's organism, the psychophysiological characteristics are most important [8,9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive functions and special working capacity in elite boxers

Korobeynikov

Korobeynikova

Raab

et al. 2023

ppcs

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Background and Study Aim. In the basis of the boxer's power qualities is the ability to perceive and process external information. Therefore, in order to ensure the proper training of qualified boxers, there is a need to monitor the functional state of the boxer’s organism. The relationship between cognitive functions and special working capacity of elite boxers were studied. Material and Methods. The level of special working capacity was studied by the test of punching a boxer for 8 s at maximum speed. Cognitive functions (verbal and nonverbal intelligence, and word memory) were studied using the "Multipsychometer-05" hardware-software. 26 elite boxers, aged 18-24, were tested. Results. The research results showed that groups of boxers with different levels of special working capacity differ in terms of accuracy and efficiency when performing a cognitive task with verbal stimuli. The resulted that the high level of special working capacity of elite boxers is provided by the manifestation of verbal intelligence. Besides, the special working capacity is related with activation of mental functions of attention, speed of visual perception, operational and logical thinking. At the same time, significantly higher values of decision latency in this group of boxers indicate a slowdown in the processing of nonverbal information in boxers with a high level of special working capacity to work. It can be noted that the special working capacity of boxers has a direct relationship with quality and inverse relationship with the speed of information processing. The speed of memorizing verbal information is better in boxers with a high level of special working capacity. This fact indicates the importance of the verbal factor for the assimilation of special information in the training of boxers. The best values of accuracy and efficiency indicate the relationship of special working capacity in skilled boxers with the quality and volume of memorized verbal information. Conclusions. The special working capacity of elite boxers has a direct relationship with quality and inverse relationship with the speed of information processing. The elite boxers with a high level of special working capacity have a better speed of verbal information memorizing.

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Individual differences fill the uncharted intersections between cognitive structure, flexibility, and plasticity in multitasking.

Cited by 6 publications

References 92 publications

Dual-task interference as a function of varying motor and cognitive demands

Dual-task interference as a function of varying motor and cognitive demands

Mutual interference between memory encoding and motor skills: the influence of motor expertise

Cognitive functions and special working capacity in elite boxers

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