Individual differences in compliance and agreement for sleep logs and wrist actigraphy: A longitudinal study of naturalistic sleep in healthy adults

Abstract

There is extensive laboratory research studying the effects of acute sleep deprivation on biological and cognitive functions, yet much less is known about naturalistic patterns of sleep loss and the potential impact on daily or weekly functioning of an individual. Longitudinal studies are needed to advance our understanding of relationships between naturalistic sleep and fluctuations in human health and performance, but it is first necessary to understand the efficacy of current tools for long-term sleep monitoring. The present study used wrist actigraphy and sleep log diaries to obtain daily measurements of sleep from 30 healthy adults for up to 16 consecutive weeks. We used non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis and correlation coefficients to calculate agreement between subjectively and objectively measured variables including sleep onset time, sleep offset time, sleep onset latency, number of awakenings, the amount of wake time after sleep onset, and total sleep time. We also examined compliance data on the submission of daily sleep logs according to the experimental protocol. Overall, we found strong agreement for sleep onset and sleep offset times, but relatively poor agreement for variables related to wakefulness including sleep onset latency, awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. Compliance tended to decrease significantly over time according to a linear function, but there were substantial individual differences in overall compliance rates. There were also individual differences in agreement that could be explained, in part, by differences in compliance. Individuals who were consistently more compliant over time also tended to show the best agreement and lower scores on behavioral avoidance scale (BIS). Our results provide evidence for convergent validity in measuring sleep onset and sleep offset with wrist actigraphy and sleep logs, and we conclude by proposing an analysis method to mitigate the impact of non-compliance and measurement errors when the two methods provide discrepant estimates.

Evaluation of Wearable Digital Devices in a Phase I Clinical Trial

“…The HealthPatch and Actiwatch devices used did not interfere with the other study procedures, such as dosing, safety, and pharmacokinetic sample collection and were well received by the study subjects and the site personnel. Activity counts and sleep duration data derived from the Actiwatch device had face validity, followed expected diurnal patterns, and were consistent with previously published results . The average total sleep time of 6 hours is perhaps shorter than a typical night's sleep for a healthy adult; this may be a consequence of the unfamiliar environment of the CPU.…”

“…Activity counts and sleep duration data derived from the Actiwatch device had face validity, followed expected diurnal patterns, and were consistent with previously published results. 16 The average total sleep time of 6 hours is perhaps shorter than a typical night's sleep for a healthy adult; this may be a consequence of the unfamiliar environment of the CPU. The observed diurnal patterns in HR, RR, ST, and activity were consistent with the previous reports.…”

Sleep and cognitive aging in the eighth decade of life

“…While laboratory-obtained measures from polysomnography are too burdensome and invasive in the context of this longitudinal aging study, it is important to note that the accuracy of subjective measurements made here are likely to vary as a function of the facet of sleep in question, and with individual differences in participant characteristics. Prior work comparing subjective / self-report sleep measures with objective measurements from actigraphy indicate that measures of sleep quality, latency and duration agree with moderate to large effect sizes among older individuals [77, 78] and in younger adults for sleep onset, wake time and total sleep time [79]. Additionally, individual differences in agreement between objective and subjective measures vary as a function of participant characteristics such as hostility, health, and motivation [78, 79].…”

Dissociable mappings of tonic and phasic pupillary features onto cognitive processes involved in mental arithmetic

“…A total of 33 subjects were recruited to participate in the study and asked to complete 8 total sessions over the course of 16 weeks (Fig 1A). The data presented in this manuscript is part of a large-scale, longitudinal study protocol to understand how natural sleep history modulates the relationship between physiology and performance [20]. During the course of the study participants completed daily sleep dairies and wore actigraphy devices.…”