Individual differences in emotionality: social temperament and health

Capitanio, John P.

doi:10.1002/ajp.20870

Cited by 42 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We did not see statistically significant group differences with respect to the behavior on the Human Intruder test, which could be due to several methodological differences between Raper et al, 21 and our study. Still, both studies found that multiple early exposure to general anesthesia resulted in heightened levels of anxiety and emotionality 42,43 in rhesus macaques during their subsequent development, which underscores the relevance of these findings. Additional research is needed to examine (1) the morphological basis for this altered phenotype, (2) the potential for other anesthetics resulting in the same behavioral effects, (3) potential modulators that could protect against these effects, and (4) the relationship between the observed behavioral effects and learning and memory performance at later stages of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Isoflurane Anesthesia Has Long-term Consequences on Motor and Behavioral Development in Infant Rhesus Macaques

Coleman

Robertson

Dissen

et al. 2017

Survey of Anesthesiology

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Background-Experimental evidence correlates anesthetic exposure during early development with neuronal and glial injury and death as well as behavioral and cognitive impairments in young animals. Several, although not all, retrospective human studies of neurocognitive and behavioral disorders following childhood exposure to anesthesia suggest a similar association. Few studies have specifically investigated the effects of infant anesthesia exposure on subsequent

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Isoflurane Anesthesia Has Long-term Consequences on Motor and Behavioral Development in Infant Rhesus Macaques

Coleman

Robertson

Dissen

et al. 2017

Survey of Anesthesiology

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“…Dysregulation of the HPA axis increases susceptibility to disease (73,74). Among captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) social stressors led to increased susceptibility to disease in individuals with a personality characterized by low sociability compared with individuals with high sociability (75). Together with the finding that in humans several negative health consequences and increased mortality are related to increased feelings of loneliness (76,77), these results suggest that the effect of sociality (formation of strong bonds) on responsiveness to stressors may be mediated by temperament.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to social and environmental stress are attenuated by strong male bonds in wild macaques

Young

Majolo

Heistermann

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

168

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In humans and obligatory social animals, individuals with weak social ties experience negative health and fitness consequences. The social buffering hypothesis conceptualises one possible mediating mechanism: during stressful situations the presence of close social partners buffers against the adverse effects of increased physiological stress levels. We tested this hypothesis using data on social (rate of aggression received) and environmental (low temperatures) stressors in wild male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in Morocco. These males form strong, enduring, and equitable affiliative relationships similar to human friendships. We tested the effect of the strength of a male’s top three social bonds on his faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels as a function of the stressors’ intensity. The attenuating effect of stronger social bonds on physiological stress increased both with increasing rates of aggression received and with decreasing minimum daily temperature. Ruling out thermoregulatory and immediate effects of social interactions on fGCM levels, our results indicate that male Barbary macaques employ a tend-and-befriend coping strategy in the face of increased environmental as well as social day-to-day stressors. This evidence of a stress-ameliorating effect of social bonding among males under natural conditions and beyond the mother-offspring, kin or pair bond broadens the generality of the social buffering hypothesis

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“…In a somewhat similar study of captive rhesus macaques, males who scored high on a sociability index (defined as the motivation to seek out others) experienced better health. These males also coped better both physiologically and behaviorally during unstable social conditions, and they seemed more motivated than other males to manage unpredictable social circumstances (65). In contrast to males that scored low on the sociability index, they seemed to find social interactions rewarding rather than aversive.…”

Section: Nicementioning

confidence: 93%

Affiliation, empathy, and the origins of theory of mind

Seyfarth¹,

Cheney

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

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To understand the evolution of a Theory of Mind, we need to understand the selective factors that might have jumpstarted its initial evolution. We argue that a subconscious, reflexive appreciation of others' intentions, emotions, and perspectives is at the roots of even the most complex forms of Theory of Mind and that these abilities may have evolved because natural selection has favored individuals that are motivated to empathize with others and attend to their social interactions. These skills are adaptive because they are essential to forming strong, enduring social bonds, which in turn enhance reproductive success. We first review evidence from both humans and other animals indicating that reflexive and reflective mental state attributions are inextricably linked and play a crucial role in promoting affiliative social bonds. We next describe results from free-ranging female baboons showing that individuals who show high rates of affiliative behavior form stronger social bonds with other females. These bonds, in turn, are linked to fitness. We then provide data from three different types of social challenges (male immigration, changes in grooming behavior after the death of a close relative, and responses during playback experiments), suggesting that females who manifest high rates of affiliative behavior may also be more motivated to anticipate challenges, react adaptively to setbacks, and respond appropriately to social interactions. There is considerable evidence that many animals are reflexively attuned to other individuals' gaze, intentions, and emotions; however, the degree to which they are also reflectively aware of others' knowledge and beliefs is less clear (3). Problems in assessment arise in part because whenever an animal behaves in ways that suggest an understanding of another's knowledge, its behavior can often also be explained by simpler mechanisms, including learned contingences. A chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) who takes food that a rival cannot see might do so because she understands the relation between seeing and knowing or because she has learned the behavioral rule that a rival is motivated to defend food at which he is looking. Although experiments have attempted to distinguish between these explanations (4-7), results have not been easy to interpret. At the very least, they suggest that animals' understanding of others' psychological states is quite different and perhaps less subject to conscious reflection than adult humans'. Whatever the explanation, it is clear that attempting to identify precise, definitive benchmarks of mental state attribution in animals has proved to be more elusive and less productive than first hoped.Here, we take a slightly different approach to the question of mental state attribution in animals and consider the selective factors that might have favored the evolution of a rudimentary ToM. We begin by assuming that a full-blown ToM evolved from more rudimentary, reflexive forms that were themselves adaptive in their own right. As a first step in understandin...

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Individual differences in emotionality: social temperament and health

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Isoflurane Anesthesia Has Long-term Consequences on Motor and Behavioral Development in Infant Rhesus Macaques

Isoflurane Anesthesia Has Long-term Consequences on Motor and Behavioral Development in Infant Rhesus Macaques

Responses to social and environmental stress are attenuated by strong male bonds in wild macaques

Affiliation, empathy, and the origins of theory of mind

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