Individual free-standing carbon nanofibers addressable on the 50 nm scale

Moser, J.; Panepucci, Roberto R.; Huang, Zhongping; Li, W. Z.; Z, Ren; Usheva, A.; Naughton, Michael

doi:10.1116/1.1572164

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to this considerable level of control during the synthesis process, the technology of VACNF synthesis has matured to the point that it can be used as a standard processing step in complex device fabrication. 15,[22][23][24][25][26][27] Yet true controlled synthesis has not been demonstrated as command of the internal graphitic structure of the nanofibers, which controls mechanical strength, electron transport, and surface chemistry, has remained elusive. In catalytic thermal CVD processes, the structure and properties of the fibers can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the metal surface, the composition of the gas-phase reactant, the temperature, and the incorporation of either gas phase or solid additive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of carbon nanostructure: From nanofiber toward nanotube and back

Melechko¹,

Klein²,

Fowlkes³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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The unique properties of carbon nanofibers ͑CNFs͒ make them attractive for numerous applications ranging from field emitters to biological probes. In particular, it is the deterministic synthesis of CNFs, which requires precise control over geometrical characteristics such as location, length, diameter, and alignment, that enables the diverse applications. Catalytic plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of vertically aligned CNFs is a growth method that offers substantial control over the nanofiber geometry. However, deterministic synthesis also implies control over the nanofiber's physical and chemical properties that are defined by internal structure. Until now, true deterministic synthesis has remained elusive due to the lack of control over internal graphitic structure. Here we demonstrate that the internal structure of CNFs can be influenced by catalyst preparation and ultimately defined by growth conditions. We have found that when the growth rate is increased by 100-fold, obtained through maximized pressure, plasma power, and temperature, the resulting nanofibers have an internal structure approaching that of multiwalled nanotubes. We further show that the deliberate modulation of growth parameters results in modulation of CNF internal structure, and this property has been used to control the CNF surface along its length for site specific chemistry and electrochemistry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of carbon nanostructure: From nanofiber toward nanotube and back

Melechko¹,

Klein²,

Fowlkes³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Catalytically synthesized nanofibers may be deterministically grown in a vertical orientation on a variety of substrates and feature nanoscale tip geometries and lengths of up to several tens of microns. The fiber growth process can be employed as an integral step in device microfabrication, thereby enabling the realization of complex multilevel devices that feature very high aspect ratio, nonplanar electrodes. , Previously, we and others have documented the fabrication of individually addressable nanofiber electrodes, and several groups have documented aspects of the electrochemical performance of regions of nanofiber forests , and sparse arrays of nanofibers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarrays of Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes in an Open Fluidic Channel

et al. 2004

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Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of microarrays of individually addressable vertically aligned carbon nanofiber electrodes contained within an open fluidic channel are described. Compatibility of the deterministic synthesis of vertically aligned nanofibers with conventional microfabrication techniques enables the development of relatively complex, functional multilevel devices that may be produced efficiently in large numbers. The vertical orientation of nanofibers provides a basis for small volume electroanalyses in probing regions elevated above the planar substrate, which can enable applications including electroanalysis within and around live cell matrixes, high aspect ratio probing structures for scanning electrochemical microscopy, and channel-resident electrodes with high capture efficiency for electrochemical detection of microfluidic chemical separations.

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“…The MWNTs used for the majority of electrical measurements reported in the literature have been fabricated by arc discharge (A-MWNT), − and such nanotubes are known to have a much lower defect density than carbon nanotubes fabricated with chemical vapor deposition (CVD), C-MWNT, which are typically regarded as diffusive conductors. , Defects can be of a variety of types, such as pentagon−heptagon pairs (Stone-Walls defect), vacancies and domains of graphite, corrugations, bamboo-like walls, and residues of catalysis particles . However, from a practical perspective, the C-MWNTs are interesting, since they can easily be integrated in microsystems by methods such as CVD or plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) from prepositioned catalytic particles, − while A-MWNTs needs to be integrated into microsystems from liquid dispersions of the nanotube powder or by similar methods with little control over the placement of the individual nanotube. Despite the high defect density, C-MWNTs are also promising for electrical devices and have been shown to sustain high current densities above 10 7 A/cm 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Individual Carbon Nanotube Breakdown Caused by Joule Heating in Air

et al. 2006

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We present repeated structural and electrical measurements on individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes, alternating between electrical measurements under ambient conditions and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The multiwalled carbon nanotubes made by chemical vapor deposition were manipulated onto cantilever electrodes extending from a specially designed microfabricated chip. Repeated TEM investigations were then made of the progressive destruction of the nanotube structure induced by Joule heating in air. The electrical measurements indicate that the studied nanotubes behave as diffusive conductors with remarkably predictable electrical properties despite extensive structural damage.

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Individual free-standing carbon nanofibers addressable on the 50 nm scale

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Control of carbon nanostructure: From nanofiber toward nanotube and back

Control of carbon nanostructure: From nanofiber toward nanotube and back

Microarrays of Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes in an Open Fluidic Channel

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Individual Carbon Nanotube Breakdown Caused by Joule Heating in Air

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