Individual physiological responses to changes in shoe bending stiffness: a cluster analysis study on 96 runners

Chollet, Mickael; Michelet, Samuel; Horvais, Nicolas; Pavailler, Sébastien; Giandolini, Marlène

doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05060-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Oh and Park (15) showed that the optimal LBS could be related to the runner’s natural metatarsophalangeal joint flexion range, therefore differences in LBS of the experimental conditions between studies and relative velocity could explain the contradictory results between studies. For example, Chollet et al, (19) study, the increased LBS condition used did not improve RE on average over the whole sample analysis in comparison to control condition, whereas our experimental condition improved RE at 13 km·h −1 in the whole sample ( n = 27), so our increased LBS condition may be more optimal for a larger number of runners (using similar increases in LBS in the experimental condition) running a this velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…We also found differences between groups (shoe–group interaction) and between velocities (shoe–velocity interaction) as the LBS of the shoes increased. As opposed to a recent study suggests that higher level runners benefit more than lower-level runners (19) when used shoes with increased LBS. Some studies have highlighted the notion of an individually optimal LBS to improve RE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…For AFT shoes, previous studies have reported greater RE improvements in highly trained/national runners (sub-32:00 men and 35:30 women for 10 km) (2)(3)(4) than in recreational/ trained runners (~45:00 for 10 km) (5,(18)(19)(20). A recent meta-analysis showed a RE improvement in world-class and amateur runners with the greatest variability of results in the world-class runners (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is well known that not all runners respond biomechanically in the same way to an increase in LBS, particularly with differences in metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints kinematics (13,14,23), possibly related to biomechanical and anthropometric characteristics (2), or plantar-flexor muscle strength (13) while running at submaximal intensities. This suggests that the effect of LBS on RE could be specific to the caliber and speed of the runner (19,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Running Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Performance in Trained and National Level Runners

Rodrigo-Carranza

Hoogkamer

Salinero

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Introduction/purpose Previous results about longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) and running economy (RE) show high variability. This study aimed to assess the effects of shoes with increased LBS on RE and performance in trained and national runners. Methods Twenty-eight male runners were divided into two groups according to their 10-km performance times (trained: 38–45 min and national runners: <34 min). Subjects ran 2 x 3 min (at 9 and 13 km‧hr-1 for trained, and 13 and 17 km‧hr-1 for national runners) with an experimental shoe with carbon fiber plate to increase the LBS (Increased LBS) and a control shoe (without carbon fiber plate). We measured energy cost of running (W/kg) and spatiotemporal parameters in visit one and participants performed a 3,000 m time trial (TT) in two successive visits. Results Increased LBS improved RE in the trained group at slow (11.41 ± 0.93 vs 11.86 ± 0.93 W·kg-1) and fast velocity (15.89 ± 1.24 vs 16.39 ± 1.24 W·kg-1) and only at the fast velocity in the national group (20.35 ± 1.45 vs 20.78 ± 1.18 W·kg-1). The improvements in RE were accompanied by different changes in biomechanical variables between groups. There was a similar improvement in the 3,000 m TT test in Increased LBS for trained (639 ± 59 vs 644 ± 61 s in control shoes) and national runners (569 ± 21 vs 574 ± 21 s in control shoes) with more constant pace in increased LBS compared to control shoes in both groups. Conclusions Increasing shoe LBS improved RE at slow and fast velocities in trained and only at fast velocity in national runners. However, the 3,000 m TT test improved similarly in both levels of runners with increased LBS. The improvements in RE are accompanied by small modifications in running kinematics that could explain the difference between the different levels of runners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Running Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Performance in Trained and National Level Runners

Rodrigo-Carranza

Hoogkamer

Salinero

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…The Pearson correlation coefficients for Day 1, 2, and 3 vs. the 3-day average were large (0.77-0.89), but the correlation coefficients for 2-day average vs. 3-day average results were substantially higher (0.90-0.97), suggesting that a minimum of two days is needed to quantify dependable individual responses to AFT spikes. Quantifying individual responses to AFT shoes is common when aiming to identify biomechanical mechanisms underlying improvements from AFT, 30,31 or characteristics of runners who experience more or less benefits. [32][33][34] However, as discussed by Barrons et al, 35 such analyses critically depend on the accuracy of the response measurement.…”

Section: Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-perceived middle-distance race pace is faster in Advanced Footwear Technology spikes

Bertschy,

Rodrigo-Carranza,

Wilkie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundQuantifying the potential benefits of advanced footwear technology (AFT) track spikes in middle-distance events is challenging, because repeated maximal effort trials (as in sprinting) or aerobic running economy trials (as in long-distance running) are not feasible.ObjectiveWe propose and evaluate a novel approach to assess the benefits of AFT spikes that consists of a series of 200m intervals at self-perceived middle-distance race pace.MethodsWe conducted four experiments to evaluate the validity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and utility of this novel method.Results(1) Participants ran 1.26% slower (p=0.0188) in spikes with 200g added mass than in control spikes, exactly equal to the known effects of shoe mass on running performance. (2) Participants ran significantly faster in AFT prototype spikes than in traditional spikes (p=0.0296). (3) Participants performed our interval-based method to compare two other AFT prototype spikes against traditional spikes, on three separate days. Group-level results were consistent across days, but to evaluate individual responses at least two separate sessions are needed. (4) Participants ran significantly faster in two AFT spike models than in traditional spikes (2.22% and 1.74%). Speed was similar between a third AFT spike model and the traditional spikes. These speed results were mirrored by changes in step length, as participants took significantly longer steps in the two faster AFT spike models (2.31% and 1.92%), while step length was similar between the other spikes.ConclusionOur novel interval-based approach is a valid and reliable method to quantify differences between spikes at middle-distance running intensity.Key pointsA novel, effort-based methodology allows for valid and reliable comparison of spikes for middle-distance running events.AFT track spikes are found to be significantly faster than traditional track spikes, primarily due to increases in step length.Group-level results were consistent across days, but at least two separate sessions are needed to evaluate individual responses.

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Highlighting the present state of biomechanics in shoe research (2000–2023)

Nigg

Hoitz

et al. 2023

Footwear Science

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Individual physiological responses to changes in shoe bending stiffness: a cluster analysis study on 96 runners

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of Running Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Performance in Trained and National Level Runners

Influence of Running Shoe Longitudinal Bending Stiffness on Running Economy and Performance in Trained and National Level Runners

Self-perceived middle-distance race pace is faster in Advanced Footwear Technology spikes

Highlighting the present state of biomechanics in shoe research (2000–2023)

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