“…Over the years, various control methods, including adaptive control [31][32][33][34], robust control [35,36], model predictive control [37], fuzzy control [35], neural network control [28,38], and sliding mode control (SMC) [28][29][30][31], have been extensively employed for the trajectory tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulators. Among these methods, SMC theory has gained favor among researchers due to its fast convergence, high accuracy, and strong disturbance rejection capabilities [39].…”