The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), as an environmentally friendly method to convert nitrogen to ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure, has attracted the attention of numerous researchers. However, when compared with industrial production, electrochemical NRR often suffers from unsatisfactory yields and poor Faraday efficiency (FE). Recently, various structure engineering strategies have aimed to introduce extra active sites or enhance intrinsic activity to optimize the activation and hydrogenation of N2. In this review, recent progress in atomic structure modification is summarized and discussed to design high‐efficiency NRR catalysts, with a focus on defect engineering (heteroatom doping and atom vacancy), surface orientation and amorphization, as well as heterostructure engineering. In addition, existing challenges and future development directions are proposed to obtain more credible NRR catalysts with high catalytic performance and selectivity.

Due to its excellent electrical and optical features, silicon (Si) is highly attractive for photodetector applications. The design and fabrication of low‐dimensional semiconductor/Si hybrid heterostructures provide a great platform for fabricating high‐performance photodetectors, thereby overcoming the inherent limitations of Si. This review focuses on state‐of‐the‐art Si heterostructure‐based photodetectors. It starts with the introduction of three different device configurations, that is, photoconductors, photodiodes, and phototransistors. Their working mechanisms and relative pros and cons are introduced, and the figures of merit of photodetectors are summarized. Then, we discuss the device physics/design, photodetection performance, and optimization strategies for Si‐based photodetectors. Finally, future challenges in the photodetector applications of Si‐based hybrid heterostructures are discussed.

Long noncoding RNA (lnc RNA ) DLEU 2 has been shown to be dysregulated in several type of tumor. However, the potential biological roles and molecular mechanisms of DLEU 2 in pancreatic cancer ( PC ) progression are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the DLEU 2 level was substantially upregulated in PC tissues and PC cell lines, and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes in PC patients. Overexpression of DLEU 2 significantly induced PC cell proliferation and invasion, whereas knockdown of DLEU 2 impaired cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DLEU 2 directly bond to microRNA‐455 (miR‐455) and functioned as an endogenous sponge for miR‐455, which could remarkably suppress cell growth and invasion. We also determined that SMAD 2 was a direct target of miR‐455, and the restoration of SMAD 2 rescued cell growth and invasion that were reduced by DLEU 2 knockdown or miR‐455 overexpression. In addition, low miR‐455 expression and high SMAD 2 expression was correlated with poor patient survival. These results indicate that DLEU 2 is an important promoter of PC development, and targeting the DLEU 2/miR‐455/ SMAD 2 pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of PC .