Individualities of Cardiorespiratory Responsiveness to Shifts in Respiratory Homeostasis and Physical Exercise in Homogeneous Groups of High Performance Athletes

Abstract

It is known that high sports performances are based upon optimization of adaptation process. In order to achieve the above, one should provide aidual vivid features of athlete's abilities, peculiarities of his/her physiological reactivity. The aim was to study individualities of sensitivity to shifts in respiratory homeostasis and responsiveness to high intensity physical exercises in homogeneous groups of high performance endurance athletes. Individual peculiarities of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) physiological reactivity were evaluated in 118 high performance endurance athletes (cyclists, runners and rowers) aged 20-27 years (competing regularly in sports for 6.8 ± 1.1 years). The sensitivity of response to СО2-Н + (rebreathing), fast kinetics and the peak response of CRS to various physical loads were measured. The level of V° O2max and accumulated oxygen deficit were determined as well. The results indicate distinctive individual peculiarities of CRS response to the shifts of respiratory homeostasis in homogeneous groups of endurance athletes with respect to sensitivity and stability of responses to СО2-Н +. Sensitivity to СО2-Н + demonstrated a positive correlation with fast kinetics and peak levels in responses to physical loads and anaerobic potential realization. Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic types of an individual physiological responsiveness of CRS to shifts in the respiratory homeostasis and physical exercise in homogeneous groups of high performance athletes were revealed as a premise for athletes' high specific work capacity.

Specific characteristics of physical fitness at work anaerobic endurance type of rowers in canoe

“…Alongside with it we should not deny role of power, kinetic and other anaerobic energy supply components in the process of training work, considering importance of aerobic metabolism for optimization of sportsmen's functional state. It is especially important in period of fulfillment of great training loads, including with training of special endurance with anaerobic work [9]. The trend to connection of speed of HBR progressing indicators is connected with high tension of organism's functions and only indirectly determines responsive potentials of rowers (aerobic metabolism or response of lung ventilation).…”

“…Alongside with it, it was shown that identical programs of trainings caused different energy supply responses and, as a result, differences in effectiveness of training process [9]. There appeared an idea that in process of training, oriented on development of rowers' functional potentials, specific features of organism acquire special importance, features, which influence on realization of accumulated potential [3,7].…”

“…In special literature on cyclic kinds of sports, devoted to rowing in particular, it was elucidated that problems of realization of potential in process of training and competition functioning depend to large extent on organism's individual responsiveness of sportsman [4,9]. At the same time it was shown that optimization of physiological responsiveness, considering specific requirements of special endurance, depends on system of training influences, which include modes of work, stimulating responsive of organism [5,11].…”

Particularities of the Structure of the Functional Training Degree of Athletes-Leaders in Female Boxing

“…Значно зросла конкуренція і, як наслідок, напруженість змагальної боротьби. Тому в системі підготовки боксерів все більше уваги приділяється не тільки вдосконалення їх спеціальних умінь і навичок, а й тих сторін підготовленості кваліфікованих спортсменів, які дозволяють підтримувати високий рівень працездатності в умовах підвищеного напруження функціонального забезпечення змагальної діяльності [1] і, в тому числі, в умовах прогресуючого стомлення [1,9,12,14].…”

“…Фахівці, що займаються вивченням жіночого спорту, вказують на необхідність враховувати специфічні вимоги до функціонального забезпечення спеціальної витривалості жінок-боксерів [5,16,21]. При цьому високий ступінь специфічності прояву функціональних можливостей спортсменок характеризується зміною реактивних властивостей організму, які можуть бути охарактеризовані за реакцією кардіореспіраторної системи на наростання ацидемічних зрушень в організмі в умовах фізичних навантажень різного характеру енергозабезпечення [8,10,12,13,14].…”