Background: This paper sets out to present theoretical and methodological premises for the therapeutic mode of conduct which utilizes FED and PNF improvement methods complemented by introduction of correctional re-education basing on the biofeedback mechanism.

It is known that high sports performances are based upon optimization of adaptation process. In order to achieve the above, one should provide aidual vivid features of athlete's abilities, peculiarities of his/her physiological reactivity. The aim was to study individualities of sensitivity to shifts in respiratory homeostasis and responsiveness to high intensity physical exercises in homogeneous groups of high performance endurance athletes. Individual peculiarities of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) physiological reactivity were evaluated in 118 high performance endurance athletes (cyclists, runners and rowers) aged 20-27 years (competing regularly in sports for 6.8 ± 1.1 years). The sensitivity of response to СО2-Н + (rebreathing), fast kinetics and the peak response of CRS to various physical loads were measured. The level of V° O2max and accumulated oxygen deficit were determined as well. The results indicate distinctive individual peculiarities of CRS response to the shifts of respiratory homeostasis in homogeneous groups of endurance athletes with respect to sensitivity and stability of responses to СО2-Н +. Sensitivity to СО2-Н + demonstrated a positive correlation with fast kinetics and peak levels in responses to physical loads and anaerobic potential realization. Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic types of an individual physiological responsiveness of CRS to shifts in the respiratory homeostasis and physical exercise in homogeneous groups of high performance athletes were revealed as a premise for athletes' high specific work capacity.

Background: Fencing lunge is the most important element of the fencing footwork technique. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic model of the fencing lunge made by an experienced athlete, based on the EMG record of muscles activity: extensor carpi radialis of the right arm and rectus femoris of lower extremities.Material/Methods: 31-year-old Magda Mroczkiewicz, the team Olympic vice-champion and the world champion in women's foil, took part in the research during the preparatory camp for the 2011 season. To assess muscle involvement in the movement the electromyography (EMG) method was used. A device manufactured by NORAXON with MyoResearch XP MT400 software was utilized.Results: During the fencing lunge, muscle activation starts from the rear lower extremity, then the attacking arm, and finally the front lower extremity. The average EMG stimulation was the largest in the rear lower extremity and the smallest one in the attacking arm. Conclusions:The research shows that top-class athletes start the fencing lunge from tension in muscles of the rear lower extremity. Moreover, stimulation of the weapon arm and rear lower extremity muscles indicates their synchronization, whereas the front lower extremity works asynchronously.

Background: The aim was to study changes in the sensitivity of CRS responses of skilled athletes caused by fatigue during a strenuous physical load. Material/Methods: Response sensitivity to hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli was analyzed in a group of high performance rowers (n=12) aged 18-22 years during exercising on "Concept-II" rowing ergometer. Two types of loads were used: sustained intensive load at high oxygen consumption (78-83% of VO 2max) and relatively easier load (49-62% of VO 2max) performed within 5 minutes. The method of rebreathing was used to determine responses sensitivity to СО 2. Results: The results showed an increase in respiratory response sensitivity to hypoxia and a decrease in sensitivity to acidosis stimulus of respiration (СО 2-Н +) at the end of a strenuous load in presence of fatigue. Ventilatory response to hypoxic stimulus increased reliably before the end of work. At high intensity of loads during increment hypercapnia even in highly trained athletes the inhibition of ventilatory response has been noted Conclusions: The data provide additional grounds for correction of fatigue by means of regulating the character and the intensity of physical loads in the process of endurance training. It has been shown that changes in sensitivity of CRS responses and other aspects of reactive features are of importance for special work capacity manifestations.

Introduction and objective. Physical effort plays a positive role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiovascular status in postmenopausal women after several years of regular amateur training. Materials and method. A total of 55 generally healthy females aged 50-70 years, of whom 38 were members of a senior exercise group and 17 comprised a control group, were enrolled in the study. Parameters of blood flow, vascular resistance, myocardial contractility and thoracic fluid content were measured in a 10-minute supine resting test by impedance cardiography. Thereafter, central blood pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were measured by applanation tonometry. Results. Exercising women have a better outcome than the control group, when evaluated both with impedance cardiography and with applanation tonometry. They have a lower heart rate-HR (65.1 vs 71.5; p = 0.033), higher blood flow (stroke index-SI, 58.6 vs 50.3; p = 0.040), better myocardial contractility (acceleration index-ACI, 108.8 vs 88.1; p = 0.027), higher preload (thoracic fluid content index-TFCI, 20.5 vs 18.1; p = 0.002), lower afterload (systemic vascular resistance index-SVRI, 1972.9 vs 2110.5; p = 0.026), lower central systolic blood pressure-cBPsys (119.0 vs 129.5; p = 0.037), lower augmentation pressure-AP (10.3 vs 15.0; p = 0.044) and lower pulse wave velocity-PWV (7.4 vs 8.4; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Regular moderate continuous aerobic exercise training has a beneficial impact on the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women.