Individuation: The Pursuit of Difference

Snyder, C. R.; Fromkin, Howard L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3659-4_11

Cited by 133 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The finding that young people are particularly susceptible to descriptive norms, as indicated by moderator analysis, suggests that interventions should be tailored to the unique needs of adolescents. For example, helping young people to develop a sense of uniqueness (Snyder & Fromkin, 1980) or the use of peers as role models for reducing health-risk behaviours (cf. Cottler et al, 1999), could be particularly effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis

2003

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This study used meta-analysis: (a) to quantify the relationship between descriptive norms and intentions, and (b) to determine the increment in variance attributable to descriptive norms after variables from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) had been controlled. Literature searches revealed twenty-one hypotheses based on a total sample of N = 8097 that could be included in the review. Overall, there was a medium to strong sample-weighted average correlation between descriptive norms and intentions (r+ = .44). Regression analysis showed that descriptive norms increased the variance explained in intention by 5 percent after attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control had been taken into account. Moderator analyses indicated that younger samples and health risk behaviours were both associated with stronger correlations between descriptive norms and intentions. Implications of the findings for the conceptualization of social influences in the TPB are discussed.T he theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) is perhaps the most influen tial theory for the prediction of social and health behaviours. This model is an extension of the theory of reasoned action (TRA; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) and incorporates both social influences and personal factors as predictors. Social influences are conceptualized in terms of the pressure that people perceive from important others to perform, or not to perform, a behaviour (subjective norm). Subjective norm is determined by beliefs about the extent to which important others want them to perform a behaviour (normative beliefs, e.g., "My friends think that I should engage in a binge drinking session") multiplied by one's motivation to comply with those people's views (e.g., "I generally want to do what my friends think I should do"). Subjective norms are proposed to influence behaviour through their impact upon intentions, (e.g., "I intend to engage in a binge drinking session"). Intentions summarize a person's motivation to act in a particular manner and indicate how hard the person is willing to try and how much time and effort he or she is willing to devote in order to perform a behaviour. Also important in the prediction of intentions are people's positive or negative evaluations of their performing a behaviour (attitudes, e.g., "For me, engaging in a binge drinking session would be wise/foolish") and the degree of control that they believe they have over performing the behaviour (perceived behavioural control, e.g., "Engaging in a binge drinking session is entirely under/outside my control"). Like subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control are determined by cer-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis

2003

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“…Byrne, 1971), there are many exceptions (e.g. Huston and Levinger, 1978;Snyder and Fromkin, 1980), and there is a literature which argues that the relationship between similarity and attraction is different when people are members of different groups (Brown, 1984;Diehl, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prototypical similarity, self‐categorization, and depersonalized attraction: A perspective on group cohesiveness

Hogg

Hardie

Reynolds

1995

Euro J Social Psych

125

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“…On the contrary, the authors asserted that the need to be perceived as somehow different and unique was central to the psychological well-being of all humans (Snyder and Fromkin, 1980). In the two decades since Snyder and Fromkin's then controversial proposition, research has demonstrated that distinctiveness is central to an individual's emotional well-being (Singelis et al, 1999;Watson et al, 1991;c.f.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…In a seminal work focused on the need 'to be distinct' as fundamental to the development of an individual's selfidentity, Snyder and Fromkin (1980) challenged the often used proverb -and the prevailing literature of the time -that 'birds of a feather always flock together'. On the contrary, the authors asserted that the need to be perceived as somehow different and unique was central to the psychological well-being of all humans (Snyder and Fromkin, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Birds of a feather don't always flock together: Identity management in entrepreneurship

Shepherd

Haynie

2009

Journal of Business Venturing

206

124

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Individuation: The Pursuit of Difference

Cited by 133 publications

References 16 publications

Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis

Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis

Prototypical similarity, self‐categorization, and depersonalized attraction: A perspective on group cohesiveness

Birds of a feather don't always flock together: Identity management in entrepreneurship

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