Indonesian Electric Vehicle Policy, Realization and Development

Abstract

The transportation sector is now starting to shift from fossil fuels to electricity which is more environmentally friendly, as this sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Electric vehicles are a type of vehicle that is environmentally friendly because it does not produce air pollution. In Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery-Based Electric Motor Vehicle (KBL) Program for Road Transportation which came into effect after being promulgated on 12 August 2019 is expected to be a momentum for accelerating cooperation to build an era of environmentally friendly electric cars with electricity as a substitute for energy. The use of electric vehicles is growing rapidly, and China is the largest market, followed by Europe and the United States. The development of electric vehicles is highly dependent on the national policies of a country. Indonesia's goal is to become one of the centers of the global electric vehicle industry, for that Indonesia needs to consider the challenges of cost, standards, power generation, incentive support, communication security, and conditions of integration framework. If Indonesia wants to attract investors into the country, Indonesia must also pay attention to infrastructure readiness, ease of doing business, government policies, and research and development. This research is a normativeempirical legal research. Research materials used include secondary data and primary data. The method of data collection is done through library research. The approach used is a philosophical approach, a conceptual approach, a legal approach, as a concept of thought data collection tools using document studies and interview guidelines. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the acceleration of the KBL program requires the support of all parties in order to reduce the inhibiting factors that are considered by consumers' preferences in choosing KBL, namely price, maintenance, vehicle durability and infrastructure readiness. In terms of policy, Indonesia needs to review the readiness of planning for the procurement of the electric vehicle sector, assessing the needs of the country's economy as well as investments that have been or will be entering Indonesia.

Optimization of Financial Management for Enhancing the Electric Vehicle Market in Medan, Indonesia

“…As a dynamic urban center, Medan, Indonesia, exemplifies the complex challenges and opportunities this global shift toward electric mobility presents. The city's growth has brought prosperity and environmental challenges, and it stands at the crossroads of an important decisionmaking process [15,16]. The transition to electric vehicles offers Medan the chance to reshape its urban landscape, reduce emissions, and improve its residents' overall quality of life.…”

Experimental study on fuel consumption and smoke opacity of defective coffee-bean-based biodiesel fuel engines

“…The government has made many efforts to minimize energy consumption problems and the environmental impact of transportation. The efforts include shifting the use of private vehicles to public mass vehicles, limiting tolerable exhaust emissions, developing electric vehicles, integrating renewable energy in the transportation sector, etc [15][16][17].…”

Antecedents of Purchase Intention on Electric Vehicles: Investigating the Mediating Role of Brand Experience

“…The transportation sector is responsible for contributing 23% of CO2 emissions through fuel contamination. The sustainable use of fossil fuels has led to a steady increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere to 400.26 ppm in 2015 (Suprobowati et al, 2021). Many cities are facing energy consumption problems and air pollution caused by the increasing number of vehicles, especially cars (Manutworakit and Choocharukul, 2022).…”

“…In Indonesia, President Joko Widodo hopes to make Indonesia one of the centers of the global EVE industry. To accelerate this process, the government is trying to develop the nickel industry, which will then be processed into lithium batteries, which are the main components of EVE (Suprobowati et al, 2021). In addition, the regulation on nickel exports in the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 1 of 2017 concerning Exports of Refined Mineral Products is tightened if nickel with a nickel content of less than 1.7% is no longer exported in December 2019 (Suprobowati et al, 2021).…”

“…To accelerate this process, the government is trying to develop the nickel industry, which will then be processed into lithium batteries, which are the main components of EVE (Suprobowati et al, 2021). In addition, the regulation on nickel exports in the Minister of Trade Regulation Number 1 of 2017 concerning Exports of Refined Mineral Products is tightened if nickel with a nickel content of less than 1.7% is no longer exported in December 2019 (Suprobowati et al, 2021). According to Gaikindo data, 10,327 battery-based electric cars were sold wholesale in the domestic market in Indonesia alone in 2022, which is the largest number this year; Wuling Air Electric Long Range, which sold 6,859 units, and the Hyundai Ioniq 5, which sold 1,517 units, had the best sales (Katadata.co.id -Indonesia Market Electric Vehicle, 2023).…”