Indoor High Precision Three-Dimensional Positioning System Based on Visible Light Communication Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Cai, Ye; Guan, Weipeng; Wu, Yuxiang; Xie, Canyu; Chen, Yirong; Fang, Liangtao

doi:10.1109/jphot.2017.2771828

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This investigation includes not only a theoretical framework, which provides a CRLB expression for position estimation in a generic three-dimensional scenario, but also direct and two-step estimation algorithms for extracting the position of a VLC receiver, which are shown to achieve accuracies as high as the theoretical limit for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Due to its low-complexity nature, asynchronous VLP systems have been considered in numerous papers in the literature such as [8], [9], [11], [12], [14], [20]- [25]. For instance, the work in [8] employs RSS measurements to obtain the desired position via trilateration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid TDOA/RSS based localization for visible light systems

Kazikli

Gezici

2019

Digital Signal Processing

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In a visible light positioning (VLP) system, a receiver can estimate its location based on signals transmitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this manuscript, we investigate a quasi-synchronous VLP system, in which the LED transmitters are synchronous among themselves but are not synchronized with the receiver. In quasisynchronous VLP systems, position estimation can be performed by utilizing time difference of arrival (TDOA) information together with channel attenuation information, leading to a hybrid localization system. To specify accuracy limits for quasi-synchronous VLP systems, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on position estimation is derived in a generic three-dimensional scenario. Then, a direct positioning approach is adopted to obtain the maximum likelihood (ML) position estimator based directly on received signals from LED transmitters. In addition, a two-step position estimator is proposed, where TDOA and received signal strength (RSS) estimates are obtained in the first step and the position estimation is performed, based on the TDOA and RSS estimates, in the second step. The performance of the two-step positioning technique is shown to converge to that of direct positioning at high signal-to-noise ratios based on asymptotic properties of ML estimation. Finally, CRLBs and performance of the proposed positioning techniques are investigated through simulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid TDOA/RSS based localization for visible light systems

Kazikli

Gezici

2019

Digital Signal Processing

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“…The PSO algorithm [38,39] to design M-CSK-LTF constellations, is shown as a block diagram in Figure 8 and its operation is explained below:…”

Section: Algorithm To Design M-csk-ltf Constellationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. New exploration: The PSO algorithm randomly generates N colour points (x p , y p ) using the velocity Equation (16) and the j-th position (17) of each particle [38,39]. where v n j is the velocity adjusted for each particle that takes random values which depend on the variables associated to Equation (16); v n−1 j represents the inertia of the movement associated with each particle; cv, the coefficient of velocity of each particle; learning factor c1 and c2; pbest, best position found for the particle; gbest, best position found by the group; x n j , current position of the particle; and x n−1 j , previous position of the particle: Designing a 4-CSK-LTF Constellation with d min = 5000 Hz and 10,000 Hz Two 4-CSK-LTF constellations with minimal distances d min = 5000 Hz and 10,000 Hz are designed using the PSO algorithm proposed in the previous section.…”

Section: Algorithm To Design M-csk-ltf Constellationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Multi-Colour Visible Light Communication System Based on a Light-to-Frequency Receiver

et al. 2019

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Colour-shift keying (CSK) is a visible light communication (VLC) modulation scheme used in the existing IEEE 802.15.7 standard. In CSK, information is transmitted by changing the light intensities of the RGB LEDs. In this work, a low-complexity VLC system is proposed using CSK modulation and a novel receiver based on a light-to-frequency (LTF) converter. At the receiver, CSK symbols are interpreted and decoded in terms of frequencies, which are processed by a counter module of a generic microcontroller, thus avoiding the use of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), which results in a low-cost VLC system. The main contributions of this work are summarized in the following key points: (1) A low-complexity receiver for CSK modulation is introduced; (2) A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for CSK constellation design is suggested considering the restrictions of the LTF based receiver; (3) Experimental and theoretical validation is perfomed for the proposed multi-colour VLC system. The results show that this system can provide a transmission speed of 100 kbps using a 4-CSK-LTF constellation for a symbol error rate (SER) of 10 − 4 and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) around 35 dB. These results suggest that the analysed system could find applications on those scenarios where low transmission speeds and ease of deployment are the goals.

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“…However, on the other hand, it can be very sensitive to the movements of the receiver, which increases significantly the error range. Moreover, the error grows up in scenarios with very tall lamps (more than 1.5‐m high) . There are some others works in the literature that combine RSSI‐based technique with other additional methods to minimize these effects, for example triangulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the error grows up in scenarios with very tall lamps (more than 1.5-m high). 10 There are some others works in the literature that combine RSSI-based technique with other additional methods to minimize these effects, for example triangulation. 7 For this, it is necessary to modify the hardware at the transmitter to provide angle information, where the transmitter emits multiple signals at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a VLC‐based indoor localization system

Torres-Zapata

Luna-Rivera

Pérez‐Jiménez

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Nowadays, with the incursion of solid state lighting technology in our daily life, visible light communication (VLC) systems are becoming more important. This fact has generated a lot of attention on VLC to provide solutions on multiple applications where this technology can be exploited. At the same time, the growing of automation processes has created the necessity of knowing the localization of different objects and devices. Indoor localization based on radio frequency signals is one of the most used techniques (Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, UWB, RFID, etc); however, VLC is a new and interesting method, which is gaining enormous research attention. Moreover, there are environments where the use of RF technologies is restricted or even prohibited. In such cases, VLC technology becomes an interesting alternative to solve this problem. In this paper, we design and implement a novel VLC‐based indoor localization system that combines the application of a VLC scheme for downlink and an ultrasonic communication for the uplink. Practical localization experiments are carried out in an actual office room environment, and results show a localization accuracy of 4 cm on average for direct links and 10 cm for indirect links.

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Indoor High Precision Three-Dimensional Positioning System Based on Visible Light Communication Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Hybrid TDOA/RSS based localization for visible light systems

Hybrid TDOA/RSS based localization for visible light systems

Design and Implementation of a Multi-Colour Visible Light Communication System Based on a Light-to-Frequency Receiver

Implementation of a VLC‐based indoor localization system

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