“…These trajectories could be collected by social networks (Cho et al, 2011), sensor networks (Ji and Zha, 2004), RFIDs (Kourogi et al, 2006), WI-FI (Song et al, 2006), simulators (Mousavi et al, 2007), internet of things (Macagnano et al, 2014), and cellular networks (Si et al, 2010). Among all of these kinds of trajectories, our work is focused on the trajectories collected by GPS sensors.…”