Indoor-outdoor relationships for airborne particulate matter of outdoor origin

Alzona, J.; Cohen, Bernard L.; Rudolph, Heinrich; Jow, H.N.; Frohliger, John O.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(79)90244-0

Cited by 128 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An indoor environment may provide protection against outdoor pollutants because outdoor air has to penetrate the envelope around an indoor environment, offering ample time for filtration, deposition, and decay. 4 This often results in lower indoor concentrations of pollutants of outdoor origin than concentrations outside. The extent to which the envelope protects against outdoor air pollution is strongly dependent on the way in which the building is ventilated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In backward discrete form, eq 3 then reads (4) where ∆t is the timestep. The above numerical solution of eq 3 can be used in an iterative calculation scheme to estimate the concentration in the air indoors as a function of time.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filtration of air entering an indoor environment is caused by contact of pollutants with material that envelops the indoor environment. 4 For non-reactive gases, the expected filtration coefficient is zero. Several authors have arrived at the conclusion that the filtration coefficient for reactive compounds (ozone) and particles < 10 µm is also very low-approaching that of a non-reactive gas.…”

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality

Freijer

Bloemen

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Information about the ratio between indoor and outdoor concentrations (IO ratios) of air pollutants is a crucial component in human exposure assessment. The present study examines the relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations as influenced by the combined effect of time patterns in outdoor concentrations, ventilation rate, and indoor emissions. Two different mathematical approaches are used to evaluate IO ratios. The first approach involves a dynamic mass balance model that calculates distributions of transient IO ratios. The second approach assumes a linear relationship between indoor and outdoor concentrations. We use ozone and benzene as examples in various modeling exercises. The modeled IO ratio distributions are compared with the results obtained from linear fits through plots of indoor versus outdoor concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality

Freijer

Bloemen

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The effect of cigar smoking on indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particles Klepeis et al Indoor Air Quality Model Several books discuss the derivation and application of the mass balance equation to predicting indoor air pollutant concentrations (Wadden and Scheff, 1983;Nagda, 1993;Ott, 1995 ). A variety of scientific papers also discuss its use in determining source emissions and predicting indoor air pollution levels ( Alzona et al, 1979;Dockery and Spengler, 1981;Traynor et al, 1982a,b;Repace, 1987 ).…”

Section: Measurements At Cigar Social Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cigar smoking on indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particles

Klepeis

Ott

Repace³

1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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To provide new information on environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) levels from cigars, we conducted three types of experiments: ( 1 ) Measurements of carbon monoxide ( CO ) during 15 controlled experiments in an office where several cigar brands were machine -smoked; ( 2 ) Measurements of CO or respirable suspended particles ( RSP ) and particle -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH ) in a residence where two cigars were smoked by a person; and ( 3 ) Measurements of CO during two studies at cigar social events ( where there were up to 18 cigars being smoked at a time ) in which an investigator wore a concealed personal exposure monitor. Average concentrations of CO at the cigar social events were comparable to, or larger than, those observed on a freeway during rush hour traffic. A mass balance model that has been used successfully to predict ETS from cigarettes is used in this paper to obtain CO, RSP, and PAH emission factors ( emission rate [ mg / min ] , total mass emitted [ mg ] , and emissions per mass smoked [ mg / g ] ) . The calculated emission factors show that the cigar can be a stronger source of CO than the cigarette. In contrast, the cigar may have fewer emissions of RSP and PAH per gram of consumed tobacco than the cigarette, but its size and longer smoking time results in greater total RSP and PAH emissions than for a single cigarette.

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“…This parameter is input as a fractioh ranging from 0 to 1. The RESRAD default factor is 0.4; which assumes that the dust level indoors is 40% of the outdoor level (Alzona et al, 1979).…”

Section: I Shielding Factor For the Inhalation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for calculating guideline concentrations for safety shot sites

1997

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Indoor-outdoor relationships for airborne particulate matter of outdoor origin

Cited by 128 publications

References 5 publications

Modeling Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality

Modeling Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality

The effect of cigar smoking on indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particles

Methodology for calculating guideline concentrations for safety shot sites

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