Indoor ozone/terpene reactions as a source of indoor particles

Weschler, Charles J.; Shields, Helen C.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00083-7

Cited by 276 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

186

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These free radical processes are driven by ozone, not photochemistry. Ozone/alkene reactions also generate semi-volatile products that can contribute to the growth of submicron particles (Weschler and Shields, 1999;Wainman, 1999;Wainman et al, 2000) and sorb on indoor surfaces (Weschler et al, 1992c;Morrison et al, 1999;Morrison, 1999). Some of the resulting products, especially oxidized products that still contain unsaturated bonds, have very low odor thresholds -less than 10 ppt (see results of Morrison et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Grosjean et al (1992Grosjean et al ( , 1993 have estimated that 22% of the products produced in the ozone/d-limonene reaction occur as aerosols. In a recent study Weschler and Shields (1999) have shown that reactions between ozone and terpenes can be a significant source of indoor sub-micron particles. In a set of experiments conducted in adjacent identical offices, ozone and a terpene (either d-limonene, a-terpinene or a commercial terpene based cleaner containing a-pinene) were deliberately introduced into one office while the other office served as a control.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Weschler¹

2000

Indoor Air

Self Cite

644

541

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concentration of indoor ozone depends on a number of factors, including the outdoor ozone concentration, air exchange rates, indoor emission rates, surface removal rates, and reactions between ozone and other chemicals in the air. Outdoor ozone concentrations often display strong diurnal variations, and this adds a dynamic excitation to the transport and chemical mechanisms at play. Hence, indoor ozone concentrations can vary significantly from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season, as well as from room-to-room and structure-to-structure. Under normal conditions, the half-life of ozone indoors is between 7 and 10 min and is determined primarily by surface removal and air exchange. Although reactions between ozone and most other indoor pollutants are thermodynamically favorable, in the majority of cases they are quite slow. Rate constants for reactions of ozone with the more commonly identified indoor pollutants are summarized in this article. They show that only a small fraction of the reactions occur at a rate fast enough to compete with air exchange, assuming typical indoor ozone concentrations. In the case of organic compounds, the ''fast'' reactions involve compounds with unsaturated carboncarbon bonds. Although such compounds typically comprise less than 10% of indoor pollutants, their reactions with ozone have the potential to be quite significant as sources of indoor free radicals and multifunctional (ªCΩO, ªCOOH, ªOH) stable compounds that are often quite odorous. The stable compounds are present as both gas phase and condensed phase species, with the latter contributing to the overall concentration of indoor submicron particles. Indeed, ozone/alkene reactions provide a link between outdoor ozone, outdoor particles and indoor particles. Indoor ozone and the products derived from reactions initiated by indoor ozone are potentially damaging to both human health and materials; more detailed explication of these impacts is an area of active investigation.Key words Ozone; I/O ratio; Indoor chemistry; Aldehydes; Particulates; Free radicals. Practical ImplicationsIndoor ozone contributes to total ozone exposures, and reactions driven by indoor ozone produce submicron particles that contribute to total particulate exposures. Indoor ozone concentrations are highly variable, but can be reasonably esti- Ozone reacts too slowly with most airborne pollutants for the process to be of practical significance. Ozone does react at a faster rate with a small subset of indoor pollutants, but the oxidation products are themselves potentially irritating to humans and damaging to materials.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Weschler¹

2000

Indoor Air

Self Cite

644

541

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are a number of unsaturated terpenes found in cleaning products, such as a-pinine, used for its pine scent, and d-limonene, used for its lemon scent, as well as other terpene-related compounds, such as a-terpineol, linalool, and linalyl acetate. These compounds react with ozone to form OH radicals, which in turn form aldehydes and ketones (Weschler and Shields, 1997;Singer et al, 2006), hydrogen peroxide (Li et al, 2002), and secondary particulate matter (Weschler and Shields, 1999;Wainman et al, 2000;Singer et al, 2006), all of which are known to have adverse health effects. Many of these terpenes are also found in air freshener products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive sampling methods to determine household and personal care product use

Bennett

Teague

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditionally, use of household and personal care products has been collected through questionnaires, which is very time consuming, a burden on participants, and prone to recall bias. As part of the SUPERB Project (Study of Use of Products and Exposure-Related Behaviors), a novel platform was developed using bar codes to quickly and reliably determine what household and personal care products people have in their homes and determine the amount used over a 1-week period. We evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of our methodology in a longitudinal field study that included 47 California households, 30 with young children and 17 with an older adult. Acceptability was defined by refusal rates; feasibility was evaluated in terms of readable bar codes, useful product information in our database for all readable barcodes, and ability to find containers at both the start and end of the week. We found 63% of personal care products and 87% of the household care products had readable barcodes with 47% and 41% having sufficient data for product identification, respectively and secondly, the amount used could be determined most of the time. We present distributions for amount used by product category and compare inter-and intra-person variability. In summary, our method appears to be appropriate, acceptable, and useful for gathering information related to potential exposures stemming from the use of personal and household care products. A very low drop-out rate suggests that this methodology can be useful in longitudinal studies of exposure to household and personal care products.

show abstract

“…Terpenes and ozone are commonly present indoors, and their reactions can produce particles (Weschler and Shields, 1999;Long et al, 2000;Wainman et al, 2000;Sarwar et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2004). Consumer products, such as cleaning agents and air fresheners, are common sources of terpenes (Nazaroff and Weschler, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have measured SOA formation and growth from ozone reactions with pure terpenes or with terpenecontaining products under indoor-relevant conditions. Most of these studies measured particles using an optical particle counter (Weschler and Shields, 1999;Wainman et al, 2000;Weschler and Shields, 2003;Sarwar et al, 2003;Sarwar et al, 2004;Hubbard et al, 2005;Singer et al, 2006a). Optical particle counters (OPC) typically measure only particles that are 100 nm or larger and thus cannot characterize the ultrafine particles that are an essential component of particle nucleation and growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary organic aerosol from ozone-initiated reactions with terpene-rich household products

Coleman

Lunden

Destaillats

et al. 2008

Atmospheric Environment

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyzed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) data from a series of small-chamber experiments in which terpene-rich vapors from household products were combined with ozone under conditions analogous to product use indoors. Reagents were introduced into a continuously ventilated 198 L chamber at steady rates. Consistently, at the time of ozone introduction, nucleation occurred exhibiting behavior similar to atmospheric events. The initial nucleation burst and growth was followed by a period in which approximately stable particle levels were established reflecting a balance between new particle formation, condensational growth, and removal by ventilation. Airborne particles were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, 10 to 400 nm) in every experiment and with an optical particle counter (OPC, 0.1 to 2.0 µm) in a subset. Parameters for a three-mode lognormal fit to the size distribution at steady state were determined for each experiment. Increasing the supply ozone level increased the steadystate mass concentration and yield of SOA from each product tested. Decreasing the airexchange rate increased the yield. The steady-state fine-particle mass concentration (PM 1.1 ) ranged from 10 to > 300 µg m -3 and yields ranged from 5% to 37%. Steady-state nucleation rates and SOA mass formation rates were on the order of 10 cm -3 s -1 and 10 µg m -3 min -1 , respectively.

show abstract

Indoor ozone/terpene reactions as a source of indoor particles

Cited by 276 publications

References 0 publications

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Ozone in Indoor Environments: Concentration and Chemistry

Passive sampling methods to determine household and personal care product use

Secondary organic aerosol from ozone-initiated reactions with terpene-rich household products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About