Indoor Particles Affect Vascular Function in the Aged

Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik; Forchhammer, Lykke; Møller, Peter Rask; Barregård, Lars; Gunnarsen, Lars; Afshari, Alireza; Wåhlin, Peter; Glasius, Marianne; Dragsted, Lars Ove; Basu, Samar; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Loft, Steffen

doi:10.1164/rccm.200704-632oc

Cited by 224 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The recently reported results from another study of air pollution exposure and endothelial/vascular function based on RH-PAT 26 are comparable. The effects of indoor exposures on microvascular responsiveness of 21 elderly couples living in Copenhagen, Denmark, were evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…[23][24][25] Recently, and before the completion of this study, Bräuner and colleagues reported the results of two studies of vascular function that were also based on RH-PAT measures. 26,27 They reported that reductions in 48-hr PM 2.5 due to filtering air in subjects' homes resulted in improved vascular function in aged subjects. 26 However, they found no relationship between traffic-related particles and vascular function in young healthy individuals.…”

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 They reported that reductions in 48-hr PM 2.5 due to filtering air in subjects' homes resulted in improved vascular function in aged subjects. 26 However, they found no relationship between traffic-related particles and vascular function in young healthy individuals. 27 The primary hypothesis of this study was that approximately 3 hr of elevated exposure to PM 2.5 in a controlledexposure chamber would result in subclinical but measurable declines in vascular function on the basis of RH-PAT.…”

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The primary hypothesis of this study was that approximately 3 hr of elevated exposure to PM 2.5 in a controlledexposure chamber would result in subclinical but measurable declines in vascular function on the basis of RH-PAT. On the basis of the results reported by Bräuner and colleagues, 26,27 a secondary hypothesis was included: that vascular function was associated with previous 2-day ambient PM 2.5 exposure.…”

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Pope

Hansen

Kuprov

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Exposure to fine particulate air pollution has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease and mortality. Proposed biological pathways imply that particleinduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation play a role in activating the vascular endothelium and altering vascular function. Potential effects of fine particulate pollution on vascular function are explored using controlled chamber exposure and uncontrolled ambient exposure. Research subjects included four panels with a total of 26 healthy nonsmoking young adults. On two study visits, at least 7 days apart, subjects spent 3 hr in a controlledexposure chamber exposed to 150 -200 g/m 3 of fine particles generated from coal or wood combustion and 3 hr in a clean room, with exposure and nonexposure periods alternated between visits. Baseline, postexposure, and post-clean room reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) was conducted. A microvascular responsiveness index, defined as the log of the RH-PAT ratio, was calculated. There was no contemporaneous vascular response to the few hours of controlled exposure. Declines in vascular response were associated with elevated ambient exposures for the previous 2 days, especially for female subjects. Cumulative exposure to real-life fine particulate pollution may affect vascular function. More research is needed to determine the roles of age and gender, the effect of pollution sources, the importance of cumulative exposure over a few days versus a few hours, and the lag time between exposure and response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Pope

Hansen

Kuprov

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…By extension, factors that increase removal rates indoors of PM 2.5 should further reduce exposure to PM 2.5 of ambient origin and the associated health impacts. For instance, use of high volume indoor air cleaners in apartments in Copenhagen was associated with an approximately 60% reduction of PM 2.5 from both indoor and outdoor sources and improvement in a sub-clinical marker of microvascular function (Brauner et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of whole-house in-duct air cleaning in reducing exposures to fine particulate matter of outdoor origin: A modeling analysis

MacIntosh

Minegishi²,

Kaufman³

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Health risks of fine particle air pollution (PM 2.5 ) are an important public health concern that has the potential to be mitigated in part by interventions such as air cleaning devices that reduce personal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 . To characterize exposure to ambient PM 2.5 indoors as a function of residential air cleaners, a multi-zone indoor air quality model was used to integrate spatially resolved data on housing, meteorology, and ambient PM 2.5 , with performance testing of residential air cleaners to estimate short-term and annual average PM 2.5 of outdoor origin inside residences of three metropolitan areas. The associated public health impacts of reduced ambient PM 2.5 exposure were estimated using a standard health impact assessment methodology. Estimated indoor levels of ambient PM 2.5 varied substantially among ventilation and air cleaning configurations. The median 24-h average indooroutdoor ratio of ambient PM 2.5 was 0.57 for homes with natural ventilation, 0.35 for homes with central air conditioning (AC) with conventional filtration, and 0.1 for homes with central AC with high efficiency in-duct air cleaner. Median modeled 24-h average indoor concentrations of PM 2.5 of outdoor origin for those three configurations were 8.4, 5.3, and 1.5 mg/m 3 , respectively. The potential public health benefits of reduced exposure to ambient PM 2.5 afforded by air cleaning systems were substantial. If the entire population of single-family homes with central AC in the modeling domain converted from conventional filtration to high-efficiency in-duct air cleaning, the change in ambient PM 2.5 exposure is estimated to result in an annual reduction of 700 premature deaths, 940 hospital and emergency room visits, and 130,000 asthma attacks in these metropolitan areas. In addition to controlling emissions from sources, high-efficiency whole-house air cleaner are expected to reduce exposure to particles of outdoor origin and are projected to be an effective means of managing public health impacts of ambient particle pollution.

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Association of Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Mortality in Older Adults

Dai

Wang

et al. 2017

JAMA

538

370

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Importance The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to re-examine its National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every 5 years, but evidence of mortality risk is lacking at air pollution levels below the current daily NAAQS, in unmonitored areas and for sensitive subgroups. Objective To estimate the association between short-term exposures to ambient PM2.5 and ozone and at levels below the current daily NAAQS and mortality in the continental US. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to estimate the association between short-term exposures to PM2.5 and ozone (mean of daily exposure on the same day of death and one day prior) and mortality in 2-pollutant models. The study included the entire Medicare population from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012 residing in 39,182 zip codes. Exposures Daily PM2.5 and ozone levels in a 1 km × 1 km grid were estimated using published and validated air pollution prediction models based on land use, chemical transport modeling, and satellite remote sensing data. From these gridded exposures, daily exposures were calculated for every zip code in the US. Warm-season ozone was defined as ozone levels for the months April to September of each year. Main Outcome and Measure All-cause mortality in the entire Medicare population from 2000 to 2012. Results During the study period, there were 22,433,862 million case days and 76,143,209 control days. Of all case and control days, 93.6% had PM2.5 levels below 25 μg/m3, during which 95% of deaths occurred (21,353,817 of 22,433,862), and 91.1% of days had ozone levels below 60 ppb, during which 93.4% of deaths occurred (20,955,387 of 22,433,862). The baseline daily mortality rate was 137.33 and 129.44 (per 1 million persons at risk per day) for the entire year and for the warm season, respectively. Each short-term increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 (adjusted by ozone) and 10 ppb (parts-per-billion, 10−9) in warm-season ozone (adjusted by PM2.5) were statistically significantly associated with a relative increase of 1.05% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95%, 1.15%) and 0.51% (95% CI: 0.41%, 0.61%) in daily mortality rate, respectively. Absolute risk differences in daily mortality rate were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.56) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.78) per 1 million persons at risk per day. There was no evidence of a threshold in the exposure-response relationship. Conclusions and Relevance In the US Medicare population from 2000-2012, short-term exposures to PM2.5 and warm-season ozone were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. This risk occurred at levels below current national air quality standards, suggesting that these standards may need to be reevaluated.

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Indoor Particles Affect Vascular Function in the Aged

Abstract: Reduction of particle exposure by filtration of recirculated indoor air for only 48 hours improved MVF in healthy elderly citizens, suggesting that this may be a feasible way of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cited by 224 publications

References 56 publications

Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

Vascular Function and Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution

The benefits of whole-house in-duct air cleaning in reducing exposures to fine particulate matter of outdoor origin: A modeling analysis

Association of Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Mortality in Older Adults

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