Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation

Zhang, Ling; Ou, Changjin; Magana-Arachchi, Dhammika; Vithanage, Meththika; Vanka, Kanth Swaroop; Thavamani, Palanisami; Masakorala, Kanaji; Wijesekara, Hasintha; Yan, Yubo; Bolan, Nanthi; Kirkham, M.B.

doi:10.3390/ijerph182111055

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 274 publications

(295 reference statements)

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“…The primary source of indoor PM in urban homes is tobacco smoke, but other sources include cooking, heating, sweeping, and candle or incense burning 55,56 . Outdoor PM can also be a significant source of indoor PM 55 through open windows, doors, cracks, and poor housing repair. Urban indoor PM concentrations are significantly higher than those found in suburban homes 19 and can even be higher than outdoor urban PM 57 .…”

Section: Indoor and Outdoor Urban Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particulate matter is also a significant source of indoor air pollution for children with asthma living in urban centers. The primary source of indoor PM in urban homes is tobacco smoke, but other sources include cooking, heating, sweeping, and candle or incense burning 55,56 . Outdoor PM can also be a significant source of indoor PM 55 through open windows, doors, cracks, and poor housing repair.…”

Section: Indoor and Outdoor Urban Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

Grant

Wood

2022

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Children with asthma who live in urban neighborhoods experience a disproportionately high asthma burden, with increased incident asthma and increased asthma symptoms, exacerbations, and acute visits and hospitalizations for asthma. There are multiple urban exposures that contribute to pediatric asthma morbidity, including exposure to pest allergens, mold, endotoxin, and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Children living in urban neighborhoods also experience inequities in social determinants of health, such as increased poverty, substandard housing quality, increased rates of obesity, and increased chronic stress. These disparities then in turn can increase the risk of urban exposures and compound asthma morbidity as poor housing repair is a risk factor for pest infestation and mold exposure and poverty is a risk factor for exposure to air pollution. Environmental interventions to reduce in‐home allergen concentrations have yielded inconsistent results. Population‐level interventions including smoking bans in public places and legislation to decrease traffic‐related air pollution have been successful at reducing asthma morbidity and improving lung function growth. Given the interface and synergy between urban exposures and social determinants of health, it is likely population and community‐level changes will be needed to decrease the excess asthma burden in children living in urban neighborhoods.

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Section: Indoor and Outdoor Urban Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indoor and Outdoor Urban Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

Grant

Wood

2022

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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“…On the other hand, mean concentrations of PM 10 for the “cleaning” activity were higher in the post-ATI period by 2.3 µg/m 3 , and only slightly lower for cooking (difference of 0.5 µg/m 3 ), though the median shows much lower values. Cooking and cleaning are important sources of indoor PM, and sporadic high emission events such as frying of food or dust resuspension during cleaning can increase exposure to a higher concentration than exposure during ATI events [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. These events are not captured by monitoring stations and can even be missed by stationary indoor sensors if they are not present in all rooms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Individual-Level Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter during Periods of Atmospheric Thermal Inversion

Novak

Robinson

Kanduč

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Air pollution exposure is harmful to human health and reducing it at the level of an individual requires measurements and assessments that capture the spatiotemporal variability of different microenvironments and the influence of specific activities. In this paper, activity-specific and general indoor and outdoor exposure during and after a period of high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), e.g., an atmospheric thermal inversion (ATI) in the Ljubljana subalpine basin, Slovenia, was assessed. To this end, personal particulate matter monitors (PPM) were used, worn by participants of the H2020 ICARUS sampling campaigns in spring 2019 who also recorded their hourly activities. ATI period(s) were determined based on data collected from two meteorological stations managed by the Slovenian Environmental Agency (SEA). Results showed that indoor and outdoor exposure to PM was significantly higher during the ATI period, and that the difference between mean indoor and outdoor exposure to PM was much higher during the ATI period (23.0 µg/m3) than after (6.5 µg/m3). Indoor activities generally were associated with smaller differences, with cooking and cleaning even having higher values in the post-ATI period. On the other hand, all outdoor activities had higher PM values during the ATI than after, with larger differences, mostly >30.0 µg/m3. Overall, this work demonstrated that an individual-level approach can provide better spatiotemporal resolution and evaluate the relative importance of specific high-exposure events, and in this way provide an ancillary tool for exposure assessments.

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“…Accordingly, we were unable to consider the indoor air pollution exposure of the participants, which may have resulted in exposure misclassification. A prior study noted that indoor PM level is related to outdoor PM level due to the exchange of air between the two environments; however, indoor PM levels can potentially exceed outdoor PM levels [ 73 , 74 ]. In addition, individual PM exposure is highly dependent on the indoor air environment as people spend most of their time indoors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES

Lee

Kim

Song

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to ambient air pollution and its threat to human health is a global concern, especially in the elderly population. Therefore, more in-depth studies are required to understand the extent of the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) based on duration and levels of exposure. An investigation was conducted to determine the association between short- (1–14 days), medium- (1, 3, and 6 months), and long-term (1, 2, and 3 years) exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) and cognitive function among Koreans (4175 participants, mean age 67.8 years, 55.2% women) aged over 50 years. Higher levels of PM2.5 exposure for short to long term and PM10 exposure for medium to long term were found to be associated with decreased cognitive function, as indicated by lower scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination adopted in Korean (K-MMSE). There were significant effect modifications by sex, age group, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking status in the association between long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and cognitive function. These findings, which underscore the importance of the efforts to reduce the exposure levels and durations of air pollutants, especially in the vulnerable elderly population, provide evidence for establishing more stringent policies for air pollution regulations.

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Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation

Cited by 57 publications

References 274 publications

The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma

Assessment of Individual-Level Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter during Periods of Atmospheric Thermal Inversion

Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES

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