Induced Acceleration Analysis of Three-Dimensional Multi-Joint Movements and Its Application to Sports Movements

Hirashima, Masaya

doi:10.5772/22266

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The same action can also be achieved by flexing the trunk with minimal or even no movement of the elbow and shoulder. Although in both cases, the goal of the movement is achieved, the biomechanical efficiency of the movements differs depending on how the joints are coordinated (Hirashima, 2011 for a review). Organized joint coordination patterns allow a person to use muscles efficiently and to prevent muscle fatigue (Furuya et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Feedback Is Better than Less: Learning a Novel Upper Limb Joint Coordination Pattern with Augmented Auditory Feedback

2016

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Motor learning is a process whereby the acquisition of new skills occurs with practice, and can be influenced by the provision of feedback. An important question is what frequency of feedback facilitates motor learning. The guidance hypothesis assumes that the provision of less augmented feedback is better than more because a learner can use his/her own inherent feedback. However, it is unclear whether this hypothesis holds true for all types of augmented feedback, including for example sonified information about performance. Thus, we aimed to test what frequency of augmented sonified feedback facilitates the motor learning of a novel joint coordination pattern. Twenty healthy volunteers first reached to a target with their arm (baseline phase). We manipulated this baseline kinematic data for each individual to create a novel target joint coordination pattern. Participants then practiced to learn the novel target joint coordination pattern, receiving either feedback on every trial i.e., 100% feedback (n = 10), or every other trial, i.e., 50% feedback (n = 10; acquisition phase). We created a sonification system to provide the feedback. This feedback was a pure tone that varied in intensity in proportion to the error of the performed joint coordination relative to the target pattern. Thus, the auditory feedback contained information about performance in real-time (i.e., “concurrent, knowledge of performance feedback”). Participants performed the novel joint coordination pattern with no-feedback immediately after the acquisition phase (immediate retention phase), and on the next day (delayed retention phase). The root-mean squared error (RMSE) and variable error (VE) of joint coordination were significantly reduced during the acquisition phase in both 100 and 50% feedback groups. There was no significant difference in VE between the groups at immediate and delayed retention phases. However, at both these retention phases, the 100% feedback group showed significantly smaller RMSE than the 50% group. Thus, contrary to the guidance hypothesis, our findings suggest that the provision of more, concurrent knowledge of performance auditory feedback during the acquisition of a novel joint coordination pattern, may result in better skill retention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Feedback Is Better than Less: Learning a Novel Upper Limb Joint Coordination Pattern with Augmented Auditory Feedback

2016

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“…19 IAA generally assumes that the motion of the joint, which is anatomically defined as a synovial joint, depends primarily on muscle force production and defines the torque at that joint as a muscular torque. 11,12,20 Based on the same assumption, in this analysis the joint torque, except for the EV/varus, which is generally defined as having immobile motion, was defined as a muscular torque. Due to technical limitations, the muscular torque computed in this analysis could not be divided into the respective contributions of individual muscle forces.…”

Section: Torque Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of multiple segment interaction dynamics on elbow valgus load during baseball pitching

Naito

Takagi

Kubota

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Elbow valgus load generated in baseball pitching is a risk factor for throwing-related injuries. However, an induced acceleration analysis establishing the cause-effect relationship between elbow valgus load and causal joint kinematics is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying mechanism of how the elbow valgus load is generated by muscular and non-muscular interactive torque effects. The throwing motions of five fastball pitches from 16 male collegiate baseball pitchers were measured by a three-dimensional motion capture system. The induced acceleration analysis developed in this study was used to separate the elbow valgus stress of the throwers into causal muscular and interactive torque components. The results showed that the shoulder internal rotation torque-induced component was greatest, accounting for 73.0% of the valgus-related contribution, while the other joint components in the muscular and interactive torque components were relatively smaller. This implied that the elbow valgus stress was highly influenced by the internal rotation torque effect, while the motion-dependent effect due to the trunk and shoulder kinematics was not influential. In conclusion, to reduce the risk of injury, pitchers should acquire proper coordination without excessive shoulder internal rotation action.

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“…The MDT plays a crucial role in the generation of angular accelerations that influence distal-point speed in high-speed swinging motions (Hirashima, 2008;Hirashima et al, 2008;Koike and Harada, 2014;Mimura, 2016a, 2016b;Naito and Maruyama, 2008;Naito et al, 2017;Putnam, 1991). Since the MDT is caused by product sums of angular velocities of individual segments, the MDT contribution will be relatively large when angular velocities of several segments increase before ball release or ball contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The angular velocities of individual segments, caused by earlier joint torques, produce centrifugal and Coriolis forces, and thus the entire joint torque time-histories must be considered when investigating the MDT. At any given instant, previously applied joint torques can still exert an indirect effect on system behaviour through a mechanism sometimes called the "cumulative effect" of joint torque inputs (Zajac et al, 2003;Hirashima et al, 2008;Hirashima, 2008) or "whip-like effect" (Atwater, 1979;Feltner, 1989;Fleisig et al, 1996;Kibler, 1995;Kindall, 1992;Putnam, 1991). However, the contributions of these indirect effects to the generation of segmental speeds have not previously been quantified during any swinging motions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion

Koike

Ishikawa

Willmott

et al. 2019

Journal of Biomechanics

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This study proposed a method to quantify direct and indirect effects of the joint torque inputs in the speed-generating mechanism of a swinging motion. Linear and angular accelerations of all segments within a multi-linked system can be expressed as the sum of contributions from a joint torque term, gravitational force term and motion-dependent term (MDT), where the MDT is a nonlinear term consisting of centrifugal force, Coriolis force and a gyroscopic effect moment. Direct effects result from angular accelerations induced by a joint torque at a given instant, whereas indirect effects arise through the MDT induced by joint torques exerted in the past. These two effects were quantified for the kicking-side leg during a rugby place kick. The MDT was the largest contributor to the foot centre of gravity (CG)'s speed at ball contact. Of the factors responsible for generating the MDT, the direct and indirect effects of the hip flexion-extension torque during both the flight phase (from the final kicking foot take-off to support foot contact) and the subsequent support phase (from support foot contact to ball contact) were important contributors to the foot CG's speed at ball contact. The indirect effect of the ankle plantar-dorsal flexion torque and the direct effect of the knee flexion-extension torque during the support phase showed the largest positive and negative contributions to the foot CG's speed at ball contact, respectively. The proposed method allows the identification of which individual joint torque axes are crucial and the timings of joint torque exertion that are used to generate a high speed of the distal point of a multi-linked system.

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Induced Acceleration Analysis of Three-Dimensional Multi-Joint Movements and Its Application to Sports Movements

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

More Feedback Is Better than Less: Learning a Novel Upper Limb Joint Coordination Pattern with Augmented Auditory Feedback

More Feedback Is Better than Less: Learning a Novel Upper Limb Joint Coordination Pattern with Augmented Auditory Feedback

The effect of multiple segment interaction dynamics on elbow valgus load during baseball pitching

Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion

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