Induced affective states do not modulate effort avoidance

Keep flexible—Keep switching? Boundary conditions of the influence of forced task switching on voluntary task switching.

“…Interestingly, however, participants seem to maintain both tasks in an active state only as long as necessary. Consecutive free-choice trials, that is, the repeated experience of being in control, appears to be used as a signal to avoid the cognitive effort of another task switch (González-García et al, 2021; Kool et al, 2010). This converges with findings by Lange and colleagues (2015) who showed that “cognitive caching” of alternative tasks only takes place under conditions of high task uncertainty, but not when an upcoming task is highly predictable.…”

“…Since item-specific switch probability effects on voluntary switching have already been found independent from previous trial type (forced- or free-choice), task-specific effects might likewise be found in free-choice trials following another free-choice trial. On the other hand, humans have the tendency to avoid the cognitive effort of switching (González-García et al, 2021; Kool et al, 2010) and might thus use the repeated opportunity of free choice to choose a less demanding task repetition. That is, the hypothesized activation of both task sets in forced-choice trials under high switch probability could be maintained only as long as necessary.…”

“…Participants tend to avoid the cognitive effort of switching(González- García et al, 2021;Kool et al, 2010), therefore voluntary task-switching studies usually instruct participants to choose both tasks about equally often, but in a random order to ensure frequent switching(Arrington & Logan, 2004).2 FRÖBER, JURCZYK, AND DREISBACHThis document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.…”

“…Participants tend to avoid the cognitive effort of switching(González- García et al, 2021;Kool et al, 2010), therefore voluntary task-switching studies usually instruct participants to choose both tasks about equally often, but in a random order to ensure frequent switching(Arrington & Logan, 2004).…”

Brands as personal narratives: learning from user–YouTube–brand interactions

“…For instance, much is written about the fear of missing out (Tandon et al 2021 ), about fear of being ignored (Sashittal and Jassawalla 2019a ), and the fear of inauthenticity as drivers of social media usage (Sashittal and Jassawalla 2019b ). The notion that social dread will lead people to avoid cognitively demanding tasks (e.g., Gonzalez-Garcia et al 2021 ), and lead to rabbit holing—as a natural response to alleviating discomfort and prolonging feelings of comfort, has received the ponder of philosophers (Kierkegaard 1957 ), empirical analysis by psychologists (Cook and Newins 2021 ; Harris 2012 ), marketing scholars (e.g., Gwinner et al 1998 ; Hennig-Thurau et al 2000 ), and social economists (Scitovsky 1992 ). Similarly, the notion that social dread will lead to comfort finding is predicted in the positive psychology literature (e.g., Daniels 2000 ).…”