Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in porcine immune cells

Pampusch, Mary S.; Bennaars, Antoinette M.; Harsch, Stefan; Murtaugh, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00139-6

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Gookin et al (2002) demonstrated that the villous epithelium is the predominant site of iNOS expression and that the lack of iNOS in porcine decreases the inflammatory responses (Pampusch et al, 1998). Epithelial iNOS expression has likewise been reported in mice experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum (Leitch and He, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil

Huang

Jiang

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:To investigate the effect of glycitein, a synthetic soybean isoflavone (ISF), on the intestinal antioxidant capacity, morphology, and cytokine content in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil, 72 4-d-old male piglets were assigned to three treatments. The control group was fed a basal diet containing fresh fish oil, and the other two groups received the same diet except for the substitution with the same dosage of oxidized fish oil alone or with ISF (oxidized fish oil plus ISF). After 21 d of feeding, supplementation of oxidized fish oil increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO, and Caspase-3 in jejunal mucosa, and decreased the villous height in duodenum and the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IL-4 in the jejunal mucosa compared with supplementation with fresh oil. The addition of oxidized fish oil plus ISF partially alleviated this negative effect. The addition of oxidized fish oil plus ISF increased the villous height and levels of sIgA and IL-4 in jejunal mucosa, but decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-2 in jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) compared with oxidized fish oil. Collectively, these results show that dietary supplementation of ISF could partly alleviate the negative effect of oxidized fish oil by improving the intestinal morphology as well as the antioxidant capacity and immune function in young piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil

Huang

Jiang

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…Pigs readily express the principal neutrophil chemoattractant, IL-8, in alveolar macrophages and in the lungs (4,16,21), whereas mice lack the IL-8 gene. Swine do not express inducible nitric oxidase synthase activity in the lung, whereas inducible nitric oxidase synthase is an important innate immune component in mice (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy-Mediated Amelioration of Bacterial Pneumonia

2000

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Respiratory infection by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes a highly pathogenic necrotizing pleuropneumonia with severe edema, hemorrhage and fever. Acute infection is characterized by expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8. To determine if high level production of inflammatory cytokines contributed to disease pathogenesis, we investigated if inhibiting macrophage activation with adenovirus type 5-expressed IL-10 (Ad-5/IL-10) reduced the severity of acute disease. Porcine tracheal epithelial cells infected with Ad-5/IL-10 produced bioactive human IL-10. When pigs were intratracheally infected with A. pleuropneumoniae, pigs pretreated with Ad-5/IL-10 showed a significant reduction in the amount of lung damage when compared to adenovirus type 5-expressing ␤-galactosidase (Ad-5/␤-Gal)-treated and untreated pigs. In addition, serum zinc levels were unchanged, the lung weight/body weight ratio (an indicator of vascular leakage) was significantly reduced, and lung pathology scores were reduced. Myeloperoxidase activity in lung lavage fluid samples, an indicator of neutrophil invasion, was decreased to levels similar to that seen in pigs not infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. Reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels in lung lavage fluid samples correlated with the clinical observations in that pigs pretreated with Ad-5/IL-10 showed a corresponding reduction of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared with untreated and Ad-5/␤-Gal-treated pigs. IL-6 levels were unaffected by pretreatment with Ad-5/IL-10, consistent with observations that IL-6 was not derived from alveolar macrophages. Since inflammatory cytokines are expressed at high levels in acute bacterial pleuropneumonia, these results indicate that macrophage activation, involving overproduction of IL-1 and TNF, is a prime factor in infection-related cases of massive lung injury.

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“…The present study demonstrates that the villous epithelium is the predominant site of iNOS expression. Subepithelial expression of iNOS was minor, perhaps because of the mild degree of inflammatory infiltrate in C. parvum infection (3) and the lack of involvement of iNOS in porcine inflammatory responses (39). Epithelial iNOS expression has likewise been reported in mice experimentally infected with C. parvum (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NF-κB-mediated expression of iNOS promotes epithelial defense against infection byCryptosporidium parvumin neonatal piglets

Gookin¹,

Chiang²,

Allen³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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ridium sp. parasitizes intestinal epithelium, resulting in enterocyte loss, villous atrophy, and malabsorptive diarrhea. We have shown that mucosal expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) is increased in infected piglets and that inhibition of iNOS in vitro has no short-term effect on barrier function. NO exerts inhibitory effects on a variety of pathogens; nevertheless, the specific sites of iNOS expression, pathways of iNOS induction, and mechanism of NO action in cryptosporidiosis remain unclear. Using an in vivo model of Cryptosporidium parvum infection, we have examined the location, mechanism of induction, specificity, and consequence of iNOS expression in neonatal piglets. In acute C. parvum infection, iNOS expression predominated in the villous epithelium, was NF-B dependent, and was not restricted to infected enterocytes. Ongoing treatment of infected piglets with a selective iNOS inhibitor resulted in significant increases in villous epithelial parasitism and oocyst excretion but was not detrimental to maintenance of mucosal barrier function. Intensified parasitism could not be attributed to attenuated fluid loss or changes in epithelial proliferation or replacement rate, inasmuch as iNOS inhibition did not alter severity of diarrhea, piglet hydration, Cl Ϫ secretion, or kinetics of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled enterocytes. These findings suggest that induction of iNOS represents a nonspecific response of the epithelium that mediates enterocyte defense against C. parvum infection. iNOS did not contribute to the pathogenic sequelae of C. parvum infection. nitric oxide; barrier function; diarrhea; cryptosporidiosis A NONINVASIVE Protozoan, Cryptosporidium, parasitizes the small intestinal epithelium. Infection results in accelerated loss of villous enterocytes, leading to severe villous atrophy and a malabsorptive and secretory diarrhea. Acute epithelial defense against infection requires the elimination of parasitized enterocytes with preservation of epithelial continuity, as provided by enterocytes generated in the crypt and migrating onto the villus. These mechanisms must keep pace with ongoing infection until specific immune mechanisms result in clearance of the organisms. Surprisingly, little is known regarding the mechanisms and mediators of epithelial defense that predominate at the time of acute epithelial infection and diarrhea in the naturally susceptible host. Although studies in mice with defined immunodeficiency have identified a number of mediators (e.g., IFN-␥, CD40, and the CD4-positive T cell) that are necessary for onset of acquired immunity to chronic Cryptosporidium parvum infection, these animals do not develop villous atrophy or diarrhea, which characterize the acute clinical infection. Similarly, epithelial cell culture models of Cryptosporidium infection are unable to recapitulate the mechanisms of epithelial loss and replacement that characterize in vivo infection.Synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) is consistently elevated in patients with infectious diarrhea of a vari...

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Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in porcine immune cells

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil

Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil

Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy-Mediated Amelioration of Bacterial Pneumonia

NF-κB-mediated expression of iNOS promotes epithelial defense against infection byCryptosporidium parvumin neonatal piglets

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