Inducing more sleep on school nights reduces sedentary behavior without affecting physical activity in short-sleeping adolescents

The impact of short sleep on food reward processes in adolescents

“…Even more surprising was the exploratory finding that the impact of sleep manipulation varied based upon the order in which it was experienced. Similar order effects have not been reported in prior experimental sleep manipulation studies with obesity‐related outcomes (Beebe et al., 2013; Simon et al., 2015; Van Dyk et al., 2018), although that may have related in part to their smaller samples or other methodological differences. Although unanticipated, the effect appears important to consider, given highly significant interactions across three of four primary outcomes ( p ≤ .0042).…”

“…Participants who completed the full study participated in both experimental sleep conditions, with order randomly counterbalanced. We chose this experimental approach due to our prior experience using a similar protocol that resulted in high rates of adherence, lack of moderating order effects, and sleep stabilization and washouts in which adolescents' sleep patterns were similar to those that have been reported on school nights (Beebe et al., 2013; Simon et al., 2015; Van Dyk et al., 2018). Throughout the study, adolescents were instructed not to nap, to maintain minimal caffeine intake, to wear their actigraphs and to fill out sleep diaries daily.…”

“…The 3-week within-subjects counterbalanced sleep manipulation protocol is summarized in Figure 1 (Beebe et al, 2018). Interested families were prescreened for potential eligibility by phone; if they gave verbal consent they were sent a sleep diary and actigraph, along with study instructions.…”

“…Shortened sleep has emerged as a significant risk factor for adolescent obesity (Miller, Kruisbrink, Wallace, Ji, & Cappuccio, 2018). Restricting sleep leads to greater food consumption in school‐aged youth (Hart et al., 2013) and greater consumption by adolescents of foods that have a high glycaemic index and load (Beebe et al., 2013), without compensatory increases in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (Van Dyk et al., 2018). However, the mechanism driving the increase in food intake following short sleep remains unclear.…”

<p>Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms</p>

“…Results from a small, randomized counter-balanced experimental sleep extension study may lend credibility to this theory. Van Dyk et al88 showed that increasing the total sleep duration of typically short-sleeping adolescents by over 60 mins decreased the adolescent’s total daily sedentary time, but did not impact moderate or vigorous physical activity. These authors inferred that increasing sleep time does not “steal” time from opportunities to engage in energy-burning activities, but rather decreases sedentary behaviors.…”