Infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate the temperature dependence and c-axis magnetic field dependence of the Josephson plasma resonance in optimally doped Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin films, and underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.5 ortho -II single crystals. The resonances are directly related to the c-axis penetration depths, yielding low temperature, zero fields values of about 20 µm, and 7 µm respectively. While the temperature dependencies of the resonances in the two compounds are very similar, the magnetic field dependence in YBCO is much weaker. We attribute this weak magnetic field dependence to the lower anisotropy of YBCO, and discuss the observed behaviours in terms of thermal fluctuations and pinning of pancake vortices, valid for highly anisotropic layered superconductors. 74.25.Gz The Josephson plasma resonance (JPR) phenomenon [1][2][3] provides direct information about the Josephson coupling between the CuO 2 planes in the highly anisotropic high T c superconductors [4]. Studies of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the JPR provide useful insights into the pinning and thermal fluctuations of vortices in the cuprate family [5][6][7][8][9][10]. It is natural, to anticipate unusual magnetic field behavior in these highly anistropic materials. Indeed, just as in any conventional type-II superconductor, if a DC magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the 2D planes it penetrates the sample in the form of vortices which, when the anisotropy is large, are not vortex lines but pancake vortices. For low magnetic fields and low temperatures, these pancake vortices may form a nearly perfect vortex lattice. Under these conditions there should be no magnetic field dependence of the JPR since ω 2 p (B, T ) = ω 2 p (0) cos(φ n,n+1 )(r) , where ω 2 p (0) is the plasma frequency in zero field, and φ n,n+1 (r) is the gauge-invariant phase difference between the neighboring layers n and n + 1 [8]. In zero field, φ n (r) is independent of r and independent of n for zero c-axis current. In non-zero field, φ n (r) becomes position dependent but φ n,n+1 (r) is everywhere zero, provided the vortex cores are lined up, as in a perfect lattice. However, due to the effects of pinning (at low temperatures), and thermal fluctuations (at higher temperatures) pancake vortices do not in general line up from layer to layer. Both regimes have been extensively studied theoretically by Bulaevskii and one of us (AEK) [9][10][11], but there is very little data on the JPR in the low magnetic field regime [7]. In this paper we present our studies of the temperature and field dependence of the JPR in two members of the high T c family with differing anisotropies.Two types of reflectivity spectra were measured, each optimized to the type of sample: First normal incidence reflectivity spectra were recorded of a mosaic made of six ac-oriented single crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.5 with ortho-II oxygen ordering, and a superconducting transition temperature of 58K. The mosaic was held together with epoxy and had an area of 6mm 2 . Second...